PGLYRP3 _ PGLYRP4 (C_term)
- Known as:
- PGLYRP3 _ PGLYRP4 (C_term)
- Catalog number:
- AP16035PU-N
- Product Quantity:
- 0.1 mg
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- ACR
- Gene target:
- PGLYRP3 _ PGLYRP4 (C_term)
Related genes to: PGLYRP3 _ PGLYRP4 (C_term)
- Gene:
- PGLYRP3 NIH gene
- Name:
- peptidoglycan recognition protein 3
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- PGRPIA, PGLYRPIalpha, PGRP-Ialpha
- Chromosome:
- 1q21.3
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2004-03-17
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
- Gene:
- PGLYRP4 NIH gene
- Name:
- peptidoglycan recognition protein 4
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- SBBI67, PGRPIB, PGLYRPIbeta, PGRP-Ibeta
- Chromosome:
- 1q21.3
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2004-03-17
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
Related products to: PGLYRP3 _ PGLYRP4 (C_term)
Related articles to: PGLYRP3 _ PGLYRP4 (C_term)
- BACKGROUND: The Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle breed is the most dominant breed in commercial dairy farming worldwide and managed in more than 150 countries. These countries span diverse agro-climatic zones, ranging from tropical to cold regions. The introduction of HF animals in these regions occurred at different moments in the past which are poorly recorded and continued through importation of live animal and frozen semen. We hypothesize that the HF cattle populations in these regions underwent early forms of adaptation to these specific local environments. However, the detection of genetic variation associated with this adaptation remains poorly documented. RESULTS: This study investigates genetic relationship and potential early selection signatures in HF populations from three African countries (Egypt, South Africa, Uganda) and three European countries (Finland, Portugal, The Netherlands), considering five animals per country. Approximately 16.0 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the 30 HF animals and used for further analyses. Across all countries, we identified dispersed regions totaling 3.3 megabase of ecosystem-specific genomic regions (43 genes), indicative of early selection signatures based on fixation indices (F-statistic, Fst). Furthermore, comparing variants between tropical (Egypt and Uganda) and cold regions (Finland and The Netherlands) by Fst, nucleotide diversity (θπ ratio), and extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH), we identified a total of 10 candidate regions, comprising 12 genes within a 0.57 megabase size. The regions were enriched with genes involved in signaling pathways associated directly or indirectly with adaptation, including the immune system (PGLYRP4,PGLYRP3, PAG1, CD48, SLAMF1, DYSF,and LOC615223), organ development and reproduction (LDB3, ADAMTSL4, TPRN, CCDC40, OR2AG1G, and OR8B3), thermogenic activation (TBC1D16), phospholipid metabolism (PLPPR4 and PITPNB), thermos-tolerance (ZNF423), and stimulus response (NCOA7, CYP2C85, and ARFGEF3). CONCLUSION: This study provides new insights into early forms of genetic plasticity of animals adapted to very diverse ecosystems. Our findings highlight candidate genes related to immune response, organ development, reproduction, metabolism, and thermo-tolerance, hypothesizing their role in facilitating adaptation to different environments. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/07/01
Gao JunxinGonzalez-Prendes RaynerLiu YingKantanen JuhaGinja CatarinaGhanem NasserKugonza Donald RugiraMakgahlela MahlakoBovenhuis HenkGroenen Martien A MCrooijmans Richard P M A - The innate immune system is the first line of defense in vertebrates against microbial pathogens. This defense system depends on the peptidoglycan pathogen recognition of receptors (PGRPs) existing in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Although some studies revealed the structural and functional differences between them, however, the evolutionary history and the selection pressures on these genes during adaptive evolution are poorly understood. In this study, we examined four (PGLYRP1, PGLYRP2, PGLYRP3, and PGLYRP4) genes of 127 vertebrates' species, conserved across vertebrates to evaluate positive selection pressure drives by adaptive evolution. The codons under positive selection were recognized through likelihood tests by comparing different models based on ω ratios in these genes across the vertebrate species. The positive selection test used two sets of models M1a vs. M2a and M7 vs. M8. The results showed that the test of these genes in M1a vs. M2a was not significant with the likelihood value 2ΔlnL = 0, while the likelihood ratios (2ΔlnL) were 2ΔlnL = 12.386, 2ΔlnL = 4.9283, 2ΔlnL = 24.031, and 2ΔlnL = 103.39 for PGLYRP1, PGLYRP2, PGLYRP3, and PGLYRP4 in M7 vs. M8, respectively. Our study identified the evidence of robust positive selection for these four genes across the vertebrates. These protuberant changes in PGRPs evolution of vertebrates reveal their role in innate immunity. Our study provides an insight based on PGRP genes to understand the evolution of host and pathogens interaction that leads to the progress of the novel conducts for immune diseases that include proteins linked to the recognition of pathogens. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2020/07/03
Ahmad Hafiz IshfaqAsif Akhtar RasoolAhmad Muhammad JamilJabbir FarwaAdnan MuhammadAhmed ShakeelAfzal GulnazSaleem Ali HaiderLi LinmiaoJiang HaiyingSimirgiotis Mario JuanRauf MubasharChen Jinping - The degree to which host genetic variation can modulate microbial communities in humans remains an open question. Here, we performed a genetic mapping study of the microbiome in two accessible upper airway sites, the nasopharynx and the nasal vestibule, during two seasons in 144 adult members of a founder population of European decent. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2017/02/01
Igartua CatherineDavenport Emily RGilad YoavNicolae Dan LPinto JayantOber Carole - Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGLYRPs) are innate immune components that recognize the peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharides of bacteria and exhibit antibacterial activity. Recently, the obligate intracellular parasite Chlamydia trachomatis was shown to have peptidoglycan. However, the antichlamydial activity of PGLYRPs has not yet been demonstrated. The aim of our study was to test whether PGLYRPs exhibit antibacterial activity against C. trachomatis Thus, we cloned the regions containing the human Pglyrp1, Pglyrp2, Pglyrp3, and Pglyrp4 genes for subsequent expression in human cell lines. We obtained stable HeLa cell lines that secrete recombinant human PGLYRPs into culture medium. We also generated purified recombinant PGLYRP1, -2, and -4 and confirmed their activities against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Furthermore, we examined the activities of recombinant PGLYRPs against C. trachomatis and determined their MICs. We also observed a decrease in the infectious ability of chlamydial elementary bodies in the next generation after a single exposure to PGLYRPs. Finally, we demonstrated that PGLYRPs attach to C. trachomatis elementary bodies and activate the expression of the chlamydial two-component stress response system. Thus, PGLYRPs inhibit the development of chlamydial infection. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2016/06/23
Bobrovsky PavelManuvera ValentinPolina NadezhdaPodgorny OlegPrusakov KirillGovorun VadimLazarev Vassili - Functions of antimicrobial peptidoglycan recognition proteins (Pglyrp1-4) at the ocular surface are poorly understood. Earlier, we reported an antibacterial role for Pglyrp-1 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. Here we investigated functions of three other related genes Pglyrp-2, -3 and -4 in a mouse model of P. aeruginosa keratitis. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2015/09/02
Gowda Ranjita NRedfern RachelFrikeche JihanePinglay SudarshanFoster James WilliamLema CarolinaCope LeslieChakravarti Shukti