Tyrphostin AG 1478
- Known as:
- Tyrphostin AG 1478
- Catalog number:
- 27035
- Product Quantity:
- 25mg
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- BPS Bioscience
- Gene target:
- Tyrphostin 1478
Related genes to: Tyrphostin AG 1478
- Gene:
- SLC49A4 NIH gene
- Name:
- solute carrier family 49 member 4
- Previous symbol:
- DIRC2
- Synonyms:
- FLJ14784, RCC4
- Chromosome:
- 3q21.1
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2002-03-19
- Date modifiied:
- 2018-10-18
Related products to: Tyrphostin AG 1478
Related articles to: Tyrphostin AG 1478
- SLC49A4 is a lysosomal membrane transporter implicated in the export of cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs), such as pyrilamine. By mediating lysosomal efflux of CADs, SLC49A4 may counteract lysosomal trapping, an important determinant of intracellular drug disposition and efficacy. Thus, its functional evaluation is pharmacokinetically relevant, particularly regarding lysosomal CAD accumulation. Using COS-7 cells transiently expressing a plasma membrane-localized mutant of SLC49A4, in which the lysosomal targeting dileucine motif was disrupted by alanine substitution, we identified acriflavine and proflavine-CAD-like fluorescent compounds-as SLC49A4 substrates, particularly under acidic conditions. Acriflavine exhibited a slightly higher transport activity and was selected for detailed functional characterization. Acriflavine uptake by SLC49A4 was saturable and exhibited high-affinity transport with the Michaelis constant of 22.7 μM. Pyrilamine competitively inhibited the acriflavine uptake with the inhibition constant of 54.7 μM, suggesting overlapping substrate recognition. Replacing Cl in the medium modestly reduced the acriflavine uptake, indicating partial Cl dependence. The profiles of inhibition of the acriflavine uptake by various compounds were in close agreement with those observed for pyrilamine, supporting the use of acriflavine as a reliable surrogate probe. These findings establish acriflavine as a high-affinity, fluorescent SLC49A4 substrate for rapid transport assays. This assay platform facilitates the screening of SLC49A4 inhibitors and provides insights into its role in lysosomal drug handling. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/09/19
Matsubara RyosukeYasujima TomoyaYamashiro TakahiroYuasa Hiroaki - Carapace color in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) influences both commercial value and physiological traits, yet its molecular basis remains unclear. The intestine plays a key role in pigment absorption and metabolism, but its involvement in pigmentation has been understudied. This study aimed to investigate intestinal gene expression differences among red, white, and green carapace strains. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/07/15
Zhu QiWei MaoleiChen XinxinRong ZhichaoYang DongranChen XiaowuWu Xugan - Our recent study revealed that SLC49A4, known as disrupted in renal carcinoma 2, is a H-coupled lysosomal exporter for pyridoxine (vitamin B6), a cationic compound, and involved in the regulation of its lysosomal and cellular levels. We here examined a possibility that this transporter might also transport cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) that are known to undergo lysosomal trapping, using pyrilamine, an H-antagonist, as a model CAD and the COS-7 cell line as a model cell system for transient introduction of human SLC49A4 and a recombinant SLC49A4 protein (SLC49A4-AA), in which the N-terminal dileucine motif involved in lysosomal localization was removed by replacing with dialanine for redirected localization to the plasma membrane. The introduction of SLC49A4 into COS-7 cells induced a significant decrease in the accumulation of pyrilamine in the intracellular compartments in the cells treated with digitonin for permeabilization of plasma membranes, suggesting its operation for lysosomal pyrilamine export. Accordingly, functional analysis using the SLC49A4-AA mutant, which operates for cellular uptake at the plasma membrane, in transiently transfected COS-7 cells demonstrated its H-coupled operation for pyrilamine transport, which was saturable with a Michaelis constant of 132 μM at pH 5.5. In addition, many CADs that may potentially undergo lysosomal trapping, which include imipramine, propranolol, verapamil, and some others, were found to inhibit SLC49A4-AA-mediated pyrilamine transport, suggesting their affinity for SLC49A4. These results suggest that SLC49A4 is involved in the lysosomal trapping of pyrilamine, operating for its exit. The CADs that inhibited SLC49A4-AA-mediated pyrilamine transport could also be SLC49A4 substrate candidates. SLC49A4 mediates the transport of pyrilamine in a H-coupled manner at the lysosomal membrane. This could be a newly identified mechanism for lysosomal export involved in its lysosomal trapping. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2023/11/14
Akino ShogoYasujima TomoyaShibutani ReiYamashiro TakahiroYuasa Hiroaki - Disrupted in renal carcinoma 2 (DIRC2) has gained interest because of its association with the development of renal cancer and cosegregation with a chromosomal translocation. It is a member of the SLC49 family (SLC49A4) and is considered to be an electrogenic lysosomal metabolite transporter; however, its molecular function has not been fully defined. To perform a detailed functional analysis of human DIRC2, we used a recombinant DIRC2 protein (DIRC2-AA), in which the N-terminal dileucine motif involved in its lysosomal localization was removed by replacing with dialanine for redirected localization to the plasma membrane, exposing intralysosomal segments to the extracellular space. The DIRC2-AA mutant induced the cellular uptake of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) under acidic conditions when expressed transiently in COS-7 cells. In addition, uptake was markedly inhibited by protonophores, indicating its function through an H-coupled mechanism. In separate experiments, the transient overexpression of unmodified DIRC2 (tagged with HA) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells reduced cellular pyridoxine accumulation induced by transiently introduced human thiamine transporter 2/SLC19A3 (tagged with FLAG), a plasma membrane thiamine transporter that also transports pyridoxine. The cellular accumulation of pyridoxine in Caco-2 cells as a cell model was increased by the knockdown of endogenous DIRC2. Overall, the results indicate that DIRC2 is an H-driven lysosomal pyridoxine exporter. Its overexpression leads to a reduction in cellular pyridoxine accumulation associated with reduced lysosomal accumulation and, conversely, its suppression results in an increase in lysosomal and cellular pyridoxine accumulation. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2022/12/01
Akino ShogoYasujima TomoyaYamashiro TakahiroYuasa Hiroaki - Heme is critical for a variety of cellular processes, but excess intracellular heme may result in oxidative stress and membrane injury. Feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor (FLVCR1), a member of the SLC49 family of four paralogous genes, is a cell surface heme exporter, essential for erythropoiesis and systemic iron homeostasis. Disruption of FLVCR1 function blocks development of erythroid progenitors, likely due to heme toxicity. Mutations of SLC49A1 encoding FLVCR1 are noted in patients with a rare neurodegenerative disorder: posterior column ataxia with retinitis pigmentosa. FLVCR2 is highly homologous to FLVCR1 and may function as a cellular heme importer. Mutations of SLC49A2 encoding FLVCR2 are observed in Fowler syndrome, a rare proliferative vascular disorder of the brain. The functions of the remaining members of the SLC49 family, MFSD7 and DIRC2 (encoded by the SLC49A3 and SLC49A4 genes), are unknown, although the latter is implicated in hereditary renal carcinomas. SLC48A1 (heme responsive gene-1, HRG-1), the sole member of the SLC48 family, is associated with the endosome and appears to transport heme from the endosome into the cytosol. - Source: PubMed
Khan Anwar AQuigley John G