Human GAD1 Protein Vector: HEK293
- Known as:
- Human GAD1 Protein Vector: HEK293
- Catalog number:
- 10260-H01H
- Product Quantity:
- 50μg
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- Provo
- Gene target:
- Human GAD1 Protein Vector: HEK293
Related genes to: Human GAD1 Protein Vector: HEK293
- Gene:
- GAD1 NIH gene
- Name:
- glutamate decarboxylase 1
- Previous symbol:
- GAD
- Synonyms:
- -
- Chromosome:
- 2q31.1
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1986-01-01
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
Related products to: Human GAD1 Protein Vector: HEK293
Related articles to: Human GAD1 Protein Vector: HEK293
- Social media addiction (SMA) is often comorbid with anxiety and depression. This study examined the temporal stability of core SMA symptoms and the bridging symptoms with anxiety and depression. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/22
Xu WenxinHuang YuSu ChiZhou ZhibinWang ShiyingYe HaolinXu YueshanWang YanliLiu KezhiChen JingLei Wei - Microplastics (MPs) threaten aquatic ecosystems and pose potential risks to organismal health through bioaccumulation in aquatic species. This study reveals that 14-day exposure to 5 μm polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) (500 μg/L) induces neurocognitive impairment in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a globally consumed aquaculture species. MPs accumulated in brain and gut tissues, causing blood-brain barrier structural alterations, intestinal mucosal damage, and oxidative stress. Multi-omics analysis revealed associations between gut microbiota dysbiosis (reduced Ralstonia, increased Acinetobacter) to suppressed neuroactive pathways, particularly GABA synthesis and transport. Downregulation of monocarboxylate transporters (mct1/2) and GABA-related enzymes (GAD1/2) disrupted gut-to-brain GABA homeostasis, neurobehavioral deficits. These findings establish the gut microbiota-GABA axis as a critical mediator of MPs neurotoxicity, highlighting risks to seafood safety and necessitating urgent regulation of microplastic contamination in aquatic food chains. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/07
Ma FangZheng PanWang WenliDong JiaxuanZhou XiangjunLin ZhiyunNian Xiajiao - Until the discovery of white matter neurons (WMN) in the 19th century, white matter (WM) was considered to be completely devoid of neuronal cell bodies. Despite evidence consistently showing neuronal soma within cortical WM and their purported implication in neuropsychiatric disorders, these neurons are understudied and have not been characterized in human long-range WM tracts. Using postmortem human brain tissue, we investigated the presence, densities and proportions of excitatory/inhibitory neurons in the uncinate fasciculus (UF) and corpus callosum (CC). We also investigated the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to validate our methods by comparing our results with previously reported densities of neurons in cortical WM. To identify WMN, we employed fluorescence in situ hybridization with excitatory (SLC17A7) and inhibitory (GAD1) neuronal markers and subsequently validated these neurons at the protein level with NeuN immunohistochemistry. We found that the density of WMN in the vmPFC corresponded with previous independent estimates. The UF displayed a similar, though slightly lower density of WMN compared to the vmPFC, while the CC had a far lower density of WMN than both of these regions. Due to the higher-than-expected density of WMN in the UF, we validated the findings at a second location along the UF temporal segment and confirmed the presence of substantial numbers of WMN in this tract. This research constitutes the first ever validated observation of WMN in human long-range WM tracts, laying the foundation for future research on the phenotype and function of these neurons, and how they may be affected in brain disorders. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/05
VanderBerg DrewPerlman KellyDavoli Maria AntoniettaTurecki GustavoMechawar Naguib - Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is a highly lethal vascular condition closely associated with endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) can be synthesized in ECs and modulate cell functions; however, its underlying roles in TADs are unclear. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that GABA levels are decreased in the aortic intima of TAD patients and that GABA is a hub metabolite involved in TAD pathogenesis. To investigate the role of endothelial GABA in TAD progression, mice with EC-specific GAD1 deletion or overexpression were generated via AAV infection, and a TAD model was induced. Both endogenous and exogenous GABA attenuate the development and incidence of TAD by reducing endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory infiltration. Mechanistically, GABA attenuated oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting MAPK/c-FOS signaling pathway activation via GABBR2-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, EC-derived GABA protected vascular SMCs from inflammation-induced disturbances in homeostasis by modulating Notch3 protein expression. Plasma GABA levels are lower in TAD patients than in healthy controls, as determined by ELISA, and correlation analysis revealed that decreased plasma GABA levels are associated with an increased risk of aortic dissection. Diagnostic models for early TAD diagnosis based on plasma GABA levels were constructed and found to be highly effective. These findings demonstrated the substantial benefits of EC-derived GABA for vascular homeostasis by protecting ECs and SMCs from dysfunction and provided new insights for TAD intervention and prevention. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/24
Shao LianboYu YouHuang HaoyueChen YihuanTeng XiaomeiShen HanDing YinglongZhou YihongWang TingyuShen Zhenya - Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy, and cervical lymph node metastasis significantly impacts patient prognosis. This study aimed to develop interpretable artificial intelligence models based on transcriptomics to predict PTC occurrence and cervical lymph node metastasis, while exploring the heterogeneity of risk factors across different regions. We obtained 419 samples from the GEO database, originating from Asia, Europe, and America, comprising 158 normal samples, 203 PTC samples, and 58 metastatic samples. After comparing multiple machine learning algorithms, deep neural networks (DNN) demonstrated superior performance and were used to construct the PTC diagnostic and metastasis predictive models. The optimized PTC diagnostic model achieved an AUC of 0.987 with an accuracy of 0.945, while the PTC metastasis predictive model reached an AUC of 0.998 with an accuracy of 0.987. Model interpretation using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KAN) methods identified SYT1, REN, CNTN5, and ADAM12 as critical features for PTC diagnosis, whereas COL9A1, CYP4F3, and GAD1 were key predictors for PTC metastasis. Stratification analysis revealed regional differences in risk factors for PTC occurrence, while factors promoting PTC metastasis exhibited commonalities across different regions. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that regulation of hormone levels and cell population proliferation were common pathways involved in both PTC occurrence and metastasis. Finally, we developed online predictive platforms based on the Streamlit framework to facilitate transparent model exploration and risk estimation. These tools are publicly accessible research-use prototypes intended for model demonstration and interpretability visualization. Because they require standardized gene-expression inputs and have not undergone prospective clinical validation, they should not be used as standalone tools for clinical diagnosis, risk stratification, or treatment decision-making. Overall, our findings identify candidate transcriptomic markers associated with PTC occurrence and lymph node metastasis and provide a basis for future translational evaluation. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/18
Zhang ZhigangLiu HongyuZhao ZhengTan GuoyuZhao YangLiu Xun