TLR2 mAb PE Conjugate;human (Tl2.1)
- Known as:
- TLR2 mAb PE Conjugate;H. sapiens (Tl2.1)
- Catalog number:
- ASACSA-780PEE
- Product Quantity:
- 100 µg
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- Other suppliers
- Gene target:
- TLR2 mAb Conjugate;human (Tl2.1)
Related genes to: TLR2 mAb PE Conjugate;human (Tl2.1)
- Gene:
- TLR2 NIH gene
- Name:
- toll like receptor 2
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- TIL4, CD282
- Chromosome:
- 4q31.3
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1998-06-25
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-25
Related products to: TLR2 mAb PE Conjugate;human (Tl2.1)
Related articles to: TLR2 mAb PE Conjugate;human (Tl2.1)
- Building on our previous research, which classified Kikuchi disease into three subtypes based on predominant symptoms and fever status - febrile type, febrile lymphadenopathy (FebLAP), and afebrile lymphadenopathy (aLAP) - we further investigated the underlying mechanisms contributing to their distinct clinical differences. Using NanoString nCounter technology, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of 35 Kikuchi disease lymph node specimens and compared them across the subtypes. Compared with the febrile type, aLAP exhibited higher AICDA expression, a trend observed in both germinal center positive and negative cases. The aLAP specimens also showed higher expression of B-cell markers; however, CD20 immunohistochemical staining did not reveal an increased number of B cells in aLAP. We therefore hypothesize that aLAP contains a higher proportion of atypical memory B cells, characterized by elevated AICDA and B-cell marker expression compared with other B-cell subsets. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that IRTA1+ atypical memory B cells were present in 64% (23/36) of aLAP cases, significantly higher than in FebLAP (0/8, 0%) and the febrile type (2/11, 18%) (p < 0.001). This finding confirms that aLAP is more likely to contain atypical memory B cells compared with the other subtypes. Pathway analysis revealed that the febrile type upregulates pathways associated with TLR2 and TLR4 signaling and neutrophil degranulation, while aLAP upregulates the TNFR2 non-canonical NF-κB pathway. RNAscope in situ hybridization demonstrated higher TLR4 expression in the febrile type compared with the aLAP type. These findings suggest that the triggering microbes for each subtype may differ, leading to distinct immune responses and clinical presentations. Overall, these results provide new insights into the immunopathogenesis of Kikuchi disease and highlight the potential role of atypical memory B cells in shaping its distinct clinical presentations. © 2026 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/29
Yu Shan-ChiChang Kung-ChaoChen Tseng-ChengChen Chun-NanYang Tsung-Lin - Positive and balancing selection on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is widely thought to target ligand-binding domains and affect the specificity of recognition of different pathogens. Alternatively, positive/balancing selection on PRRs could affect general responsiveness by targeting for example signaling domains or cis-regulatory variation. Studies of a wild rodent (the bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus) have shown that Tlr2-a lipoprotein-binding PRR-is highly polymorphic with divergent haplotypes and signatures of balancing selection, and that Tlr2 genotype is associated with susceptibility to Borrelia afzelii infection in the wild. To investigate what aspect of Tlr2 function has been under selection, we here perform integrated population genetic and functional analyses. Ex vivo infection experiments show that the protective Tlr2 haplotype produces a stronger proinflammatory response to B. afzelii compared to the haplotype associated with susceptibility. Tlr2 genotype has a similar, albeit not statistically significant, effect on responsiveness to the phylogenetically distant pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. We find that the strongest signature of balancing selection is 4.6 kb upstream of the Tlr2 coding sequence, near a putative enhancer, and that Tlr2 exhibits allele-specific expression such that the protective haplotype is more expressed. Collectively these results indicate that balancing selection has primarily acted on cis-regulatory variation affecting the general responsiveness via Tlr2-signaling rather than on polymorphisms affecting Tlr2 ligand-binding specificity. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/29
Nandakumar MridulaLundberg MaxNouri MehrnazValfridsson ChristineCarlsson FredricRåberg Lars - Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) can acquire osteoblast-like characteristics within periodontal lesions and contribute to osteoclastogenesis through the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF) κB ligand (RANKL). However, the microbial and cellular conditions required for RANKL induction remain unclear. This study compared the microbial responsiveness of undifferentiated and osteoblast-like PDLFs to clarify the mechanisms regulating RANKL expression. - Source: PubMed
Abe MasayoKamijyo KoheiOda ShintaroSakagami HiroshiHayashi JoichiroInomata Megumi - Microglial activation is increasingly recognized as a critical contributor to both the initiation and chronification of migraine. Recent advances have highlighted the importance of receptor-mediated signaling pathways in regulating microglial responses; however, their integrated role in central inflammation remains insufficiently characterized. This review aimed to evaluate the mechanistic involvement and therapeutic relevance of microglial receptors in chronic migraine. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/27
Lin XinyuYu WenjingLou JiafeiCao ZhijianSong Wenwen - Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes gastrointestinal infection and rising antibiotic resistance worldwide. This study examines the structural-functional relationship of OmpA, a major outer membrane protein (OMP) implicated in Salmonella pathogenesis. Computational analysis revealed a high conservation of OmpA among the Enterobacteriaceae family. Due to its β-sheet-rich structure, OmpA forms inclusion bodies during overexpression. To mitigate this, solubilization under high-pH conditions and refolding with Lauryl dimethylamine N-oxide (LDAO) effectively preserves its native-like conformation. Semi-native SDS-PAGE and size exclusion chromatography suggest that OmpA exists as a dimer. Circular dichroism and heat modifiability analyses further confirmed its β-sheet-rich secondary structure, consistent with a β-barrel fold. However, high-resolution studies are required to confirm its oligomeric state and barrel architecture. These insights facilitate the selection of refolding processes and support investigations into the structure and function of OmpA. Functionally, in silico docking and in vitro assays revealed OmpA interaction with TLR2 from HEp-2 and Raji human B-cells. OmpA stimulation activates NFkB signaling in B-cells, leading to increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and upregulation of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a key enzyme involved in enhancing antibody diversity. Moreover, an immunoinformatic analysis has identified B-cell and T-cell epitopes within OmpA's extracellular domain, highlighting its potential as a vaccine candidate. Notably, immune simulations demonstrate that OmpA enhances both innate and adaptive immune responses. This response promotes memory cell generation and may contribute to bacterial clearance. Collectively, this study provides a foundation for future therapeutics against S. Typhimurium pathogenesis. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/25
Chaudhari RahulNigam DeveishDasgupta MallarChandravanshi KhileshwariMalik KritikaKodgire Prashant