ESX1 antibody Host Rabbit
- Known as:
- ESX1 (anti-) Host Rabbit
- Catalog number:
- 'AP23504PU-N
- Product Quantity:
- 50
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- ACR
- Gene target:
- ESX1 antibody Host Rabbit
Related genes to: ESX1 antibody Host Rabbit
- Gene:
- ESX1 NIH gene
- Name:
- ESX homeobox 1
- Previous symbol:
- ESX1L
- Synonyms:
- ESXR1
- Chromosome:
- Xq22.2
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2001-03-14
- Date modifiied:
- 2014-11-19
Related products to: ESX1 antibody Host Rabbit
Related articles to: ESX1 antibody Host Rabbit
- The genus exerts a strong selective force, shaping the evolution and structure of innate immune systems across various hosts and revealing overarching, conserved principles of host defense. Despite their phylogenetic distance, amoebae, nematodes, insects, wax moth larvae, and zebrafish share fundamental innate immune strategies while also exhibiting key differences in tissue organization, immune complexity, and the presence or absence of adaptive immunity. This comparative review synthesizes insights from these systems to highlight both the conserved mechanisms that mycobacteria repeatedly exploit and the lineage-specific features that shape host susceptibility. Amoebae demonstrate ancient, cell-autonomous defenses, including nutritional immunity through metal trafficking (Nramp1/zinc intoxication) and membrane repair pathways (ESCRT/autophagy) against the ESX-1 system. Moving to metazoans, the importance of conserved signaling, such as the p38 MAPK (PMK-1) pathway in , becomes evident, which actively suppresses via VHP-1. In other invertebrates, such as , integrated immunometabolism is present, in which disruption of the Akt-FOXO axis causes a conserved wasting syndrome, and mimics chronic TB pathology by forming granuloma-like structures with lipid-accumulating hemocytes and demonstrating innate immune priming. Larval zebrafish, which depend solely on innate immunity, show pathogen-driven granuloma formation and spread, with ESX-1 mediating pro-necrotic cell death and the Asc-dependent inflammasome contributing to restriction. Overall, these cross-species comparisons demonstrate how mycobacteria exploit foundational host mechanisms while revealing the evolutionary breadth and limits of innate immune strategies across the animal kingdom. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/12/12
Cortacans MarionaCardona Pere-Joan - Spatiotemporal environmental variation results in marked heterogeneity in bacterial infection progression and disease outcome, with vital consequences for treatment success. For the globally important pathogen (Mtb), while the pronounced intra-host spatial heterogeneity in lesion immune cell composition and phenotype has been well-described, the highly complex Mtb cell envelope has presented a particular challenge for the required equivalent insight into bacterial heterogeneity. Here, we develop hybridization chain reaction-fluorescence in situ hybridization (HCR-FISH)-based methodology for Mtb mRNA visualization in the context of intact lung and lesion architecture. In combination with an Mtb transcriptional/translational activity reporter, we reveal spatiotemporal differences in gene expression relating to Mtb lipid metabolism, response to key environmental signals, and the ESX-1 type VII secretion system. Our results establish a framework for in situ analysis of Mtb mRNA, opening the path to elucidating critical bacterial drivers that underlie the marked heterogeneity in Mtb-host interactions. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/12
Lawrence Anna-Lisa ETan Shumin - Eurasian red squirrels were acknowledged as a reservoir for secular leprosy in the British Isles, after detection of in specimens dating back to the 11th century. In order to question the situation of Pallas's squirrels () recently introduced to the European continent, we investigated a series of 522 samples (241 liver, 241 spleen, and 40 faecal samples) collected from 281 deceased specimens by means of controlled quantitative PCR targeting the specific RLEP repetitive element, the RLPM repetitive element, and the most closely related ESX-1 locus gene. Successful amplification of the internal control certified the absence of PCR inhibition in any samples, which all tested negative for complex DNA. Because tissues potentially involved in localized infection were not studied in the absence of clinical signs and the study was geographically restricted, these results cannot be extrapolated beyond dismissed systemic leprosy in tested animals. Nevertheless, the congruency of present data with equally negative ones reported in various continental squirrel populations suggests that, in Europe zoonotic leprosy is restricted to British Islands' red squirrel population. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/07/20
Souguel SNdiaye A M R AGrine GMakoudi HMaillard J-FBedjaoui SLaidoudi YDavoust BDrancourt M - Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of infectious disease mortality worldwide, driven by the emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains and the limited efficacy of current therapeutic strategies. Over the past two decades, Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum), a close genetic relative of Mtb, has emerged as a powerful surrogate model for investigating conserved mechanisms of TB pathogenesis and accelerating early-stage therapeutic discovery. As a naturally pathogenic mycobacterium, M. marinum shares key virulence determinants with Mtb, including ESX-1-dependent secretion, intracellular survival strategies, lipid-mediated immune modulation, and the ability to induce granulomatous disease. Its compatibility with diverse experimental systems-ranging from macrophage cultures to genetically tractable vertebrate hosts such as zebrafish-enables real-time visualization of host-pathogen interactions, granuloma dynamics, immune regulation, and bacterial dissemination in vivo. In addition to mechanistic pathogenesis studies, M. marinum provides a scalable platform for phenotypic drug screening, host-directed therapeutic discovery, and early in vivo evaluation of antimicrobial candidates, thereby bridging the gap between in vitro assays and mammalian infection models. This review synthesizes recent advances in the use of M. marinum across pathogenesis research, functional genomics, and drug discovery, critically examining its strengths, limitations, and optimal positioning within multi-tiered tuberculosis research pipelines. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/04
Aspatwar Ashok - Mycobacteria form rough and smooth colonies. The Mycobacterium marinum strain 1218S is a smooth colony forming variant isolated from the 1218R strain, which forms rough colonies and is more virulent than 1218S in infecting fish. Genes for the type VII secretion ESX-1 system, which includes mycobacterial virulence genes, have been partially duplicated in M. marinum and is refered to as ESX-6. We recently reported that several ESX-1 genes are missing in the 1218S strain. On the basis of the complete genomes of these two and three other M. marinum strains we provide insight into strain differences and similarities focusing on 1218R and 1218S, and ESX genes, selected virulence genes, and LOS genes, which are involved in lipooligosaccharide synthesis and smooth colony formation. We provide RNA-Seq data for 1218R and 1218S and two other well-characterized M. marinum strains showing that the transcription levels of ESX-6 genes increase both in exponential and stationary cells in 1218S, which lacks several ESX-1 genes. Furthermore, while there is no difference in gene synteny and sequence of LOS genes comparing 1218R and 1218S, with the exception of duplication of lsr2, a regulator of LOS genes, in 1218S. Our RNA-Seq data show increased transcript levels of LOS genes in stationary 1218S cells relative to 1218R indicating that transcription and/or RNA degradation of LOS genes influence smooth and rough colony formation. We finally provide data suggesting that Ms1 RNA affect the transcription of LOS genes (and ESX-1 genes), and that loss of ESX-1 genes influence biofilm formation. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/07/10
Behra Phani Rama KrishnaRamesh MalavikaPettersson B M FredrikKirsebom Leif A