PureHelix™ Genomic Prep Kit [Plant](Solution based)
- Known as:
- PureHelix™ Genomic Prep Kit [Plant](Solution based)
- Catalog number:
- GSP100
- Product Quantity:
- 100 preps/kit
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- NanoHelix
- Gene target:
- PureHelix™ Genomic Prep Kit [Plant](Solution based)
Related genes to: PureHelix™ Genomic Prep Kit [Plant](Solution based)
- Gene:
- PREP NIH gene
- Name:
- prolyl endopeptidase
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- -
- Chromosome:
- 6q21
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1996-03-12
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
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- Predicting the evolution of drug resistance remains a central challenge in HIV prevention and treatment. Evolutionary trade-offs, i.e., the fitness costs of resistance, shift as drug-selective pressure changes, a complexity amplified by fluctuating drug concentrations during long-acting prophylaxis. We develop a Darwinian evolutionary game theory model of early HIV infection under bimonthly pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA). This work introduces a mathematical framework that couples within-host viral dynamics with adaptive evolutionary processes in a time-dependent environment to study resistance evolution under long-acting PrEP. The model incorporates the dual transmission pathways of HIV: free virion spread and direct cell-to-cell transfer through virological synapses. We quantify how resistance mutations alter viral fitness across these modes. We formulate a deterministic within-host model that explicitly incorporates the dual transmission pathways and introduce continuous resistance traits governing infectivity and drug susceptibility for each pathway. T-cell parameter estimates are informed by data assimilation using acute-stage HIV infection data. CAB-LA is modeled with time-periodic pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), yielding dynamic fitness seascapes rather than static fitness landscapes. Time-varying drug pressure introduces a trade-off between drug resistance and infectivity, driving competition among strains that favor different transmission strategies. Our results show that fluctuating drug concentrations reshape evolutionary outcomes, generating dynamic strain competition and altering the effectiveness of long-acting PrEP in blocking infection. The model reveals threshold behavior in drug robustness to mutation, identifies conditions leading to viral control, viral escape, and delayed seroconversion, and demonstrates that resistance evolution depends on both transmission pathway and initial trait configuration. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for delayed HIV detectability observed in CAB-LA clinical trials. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/20
Gurski KatharineKang YeonaMa Yanping - Ending HIV epidemics hinges on antiretroviral therapies (ART), including their use in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Unfortunately, PrEP use remains low among populations that could benefit most. PrEP use is impeded by multiple barriers including concerns about side-effects and erroneous beliefs about hazards of mixing PrEP with alcohol and other drugs. The current study tested the hypothesis that substance use interactive toxicity beliefs would mediate the association between concerns about PrEP side-effects and four separate PrEP use outcomes: past use, current use, uptake, and adherence. Black HIV negative men who have sex with men (n = 436) completed baseline and up to 18-months of follow-up for measures of demographic and health characteristics, PrEP use, concerns about PrEP side-effects, and substance use interactive toxicity beliefs. All participants reported alcohol or other drug use in the past two-months at baseline. Cross-sectional mediation analyses confirmed our hypothesis, showing that concerns about PrEP side-effects were directly associated with past and current PrEP use, and these associations were mediated by interactive toxicity beliefs. Prospective models did not confirm mediation but showed that greater substance use interactive toxicity beliefs significantly predicted PrEP uptake and adherence. These results support the importance of substance use interactive toxicity beliefs as a barrier to PrEP use and warrant interventions to address underlying biases and misinformation. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/20
Kalichman Seth CBabcock NikoleMcCauley Peter SWatson Ryan JMoody Raymond LKalichman MoiraEaton Lisa A - HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing HIV infection, yet its implementation remains suboptimal in the Southern United States. This study examined barriers, facilitators, and training preferences related to PrEP implementation among physicians at an academic medical center in North Louisiana. A cross-sectional electronic survey was conducted between January 2024 and April 2025 among physician faculty, residents, and fellows. Participants reported perceived barriers and facilitators to PrEP implementation, preferred training topics and modalities, and demographic characteristics. Descriptive statistics summarized responses, and linear regression identified factors associated with physicians' PrEP implementation training scores. The most commonly reported barriers were lack of provider training, insurance and cost-related concerns, lack of clinical protocols, staffing and time constraints, and limited knowledge of laboratory monitoring. Frequently identified facilitators included access to clinical protocols, peer support, pharmacist support, and electronic medical record (EMR) order sets. Physicians most frequently requested training on PrEP eligibility, side effects and toxicity, and contraindications, with in-person training as the preferred format. Physicians identified substantial educational and structural barriers to PrEP implementation despite strong support for institutional strategies that facilitate prescribing. Expanding physician education while integrating standardized protocols, pharmacist support, and EMR-based decision tools may strengthen PrEP implementation in high HIV-burden regions of the Southern United States. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/20
Smith Deborah GurgelPichilingue-Reto PatriciaDean Catherine GSmith Corey DEspinoza Luis Enrique - Lenacapavir (LEN), the first-in-class HIV-1 capsid inhibitor (CAI) with picomolar potency and long pharmacokinetics (PK), is approved for both treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). However, the frequently selected M66I mutation confers complete resistance to LEN. Potent antivirals against the M66I variant remain elusive. In this work, we have designed LEN analogs featuring a distinctive R moiety to directly address the molecular mechanism of resistance. Our analog synthesis also entailed developing a new synthetic procedure for R incorporation. Significantly, the newly designed analogs were highly potent against both WT HIV-1 and the M66I mutant. Particularly, lead compound 3S conferred 2.6-fold higher potency than LEN against WT HIV-1 and remained highly potent (EC = 5.8 nM) against the M66I mutant, a drastically advanced activity profile over LEN (EC > 15 µM). The unprecedented potency of our lead 3S against M66I was corroborated by a thermal shift assay. In a head‑to‑head intravenous (IV) PK study in rats, lead 3S demonstrated superior systemic exposure, showing a 4.6‑fold greater plasma area-under-curve (AUC) than LEN and largely retaining the long PK characteristic of LEN. These results strongly validate our design and represent a breakthrough in LEN-based HIV-1 therapy and prophylaxis. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/20
Jamey NicolasUdayanga D M NiroshZhang HuanchunKatekar RoshanXie WeiRavichandran Shreya MCai XinyongLorson Zachary CMcFadden William MRyu Won HeeXie JiashuKirby Karen ASarafianos Stefan GWang Zhengqiang - Lenacapavir (LEN), a twice-yearly subcutaneous capsid inhibitor, has demonstrated superior efficacy over daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in clinical trials. No European cost-effectiveness analyses have been published to date. We aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of LEN versus TDF/FTC as PrEP for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Spain. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/11
Wikman-Jorgensen Philip ErickIniesta CarlosRuiz-Algueró MartaEstrada VicentePulido FedericoPerez-Molina Jose ALlenas-García Jara