GM-CSF, RhesusMacaque Protein
- Known as:
- GM-CSF, RhesusMacaque Protein
- Catalog number:
- z02761-1
- Product Quantity:
- USD
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- Genscript
- Gene target:
- GM-CSF RhesusMacaque Protein
Related genes to: GM-CSF, RhesusMacaque Protein
- Gene:
- CSF2 NIH gene
- Name:
- colony stimulating factor 2
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- GM-CSF, GMCSF
- Chromosome:
- 5q31.1
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2001-06-22
- Date modifiied:
- 2018-12-12
Related products to: GM-CSF, RhesusMacaque Protein
Related articles to: GM-CSF, RhesusMacaque Protein
- Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease with variable outcomes following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Predictive biomarkers for post-FESS CRSwNP recurrence remain poorly defined. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/07
Dharia TiffanyZawacki MabelMaurer RieBergmark Regan WLee Stella EMaxfield Alice ZRoditi Rachel ELee Pui YHsu EvanLeSon CourtneyKratchmarov RadomirBalestrieri BarbaraLaidlaw Tanya MBuchheit Kathleen M - Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a highly aggressive malignancy with limited responsiveness to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Recent neoadjuvant studies combining VEGFR-2 inhibition (VEGFR2i) with anti-PD-1 (aPD-1) have yielded markedly improved pathological responses, suggesting a VEGFR-2-dependent immunoregulatory mechanism. Here, we identify a PD-L1-expressing CD66b neutrophil-enriched tumor-associated population as a critical immunosuppressive population enriched in VEGFR-2-high OSCC tumors and associated with increased metastatic propensity and inferior patient outcomes. Using multiplex immunohistochemistry, scRNA-seq, and flow cytometry, we demonstrate that VEGFR-2-overexpressing OSCC cells drive robust GM-CSF secretion, which in turn induces PD-L1 upregulation in neutrophils. Mechanistically, VEGFR-2 activation promotes STAT6 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, enabling direct transcriptional activation of CSF2. GM-CSF subsequently activates STAT5 and mTOR/S6K signaling in neutrophils, thereby enhancing PD-L1 protein synthesis. Functionally, these PD-L1 TANs suppress CD8 T-cell proliferation, augment T-cell exhaustion, and diminish cytotoxicity. Importantly, VEGFR-2 inhibition or GM-CSF neutralization restored CD8 T-cell function and improved responsiveness to anti-PD-1 therapy in vivo, whereas exogenous GM-CSF impaired VEGFR2i/aPD-1 efficacy. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized VEGFR-2/STAT6/CSF2 axis that licenses neutrophil-mediated immune suppression in OSCC. These data provide mechanistic rationale and preclinical support for targeting the VEGFR-2/GM-CSF-neutrophil axis to improve the efficacy of PD-1 blockade in OSCC. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/06
Zhu FangxingYou YuanheZhang YiyiDai YibinZhou XinyuFu YongLu XiHuang YingyingZhou ZhihangXia RonghuiJu WutongYuan ZhaoqiZhong LaipingZhao Tongchao - Cassava-based fufu is widely consumed but nutritionally limited, particularly in micronutrients. Incorporation of orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) may enhance its nutritional value. This study evaluated the nutrient composition, microbial safety, functional properties and contribution to recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of cassava-orange-fleshed sweet potato composite fufu flour for adults and children. Four blends were formulated: CONTROL (100% CF, Control), CSF1 (90% CF:10% OFSPF), CSF2 (80% CF:20% OFSPF), and CSF3 (70% CF:30% OFSPF). Nutrient composition, functional properties, microbial safety, pasting behavior, carotene content, and sensory attributes were analyzed using standard methods. Moisture (5.54-6.41%), ash (1.05-2.10%), crude fiber (0.23-1.91%), fat (1.80-9.96%), protein (2.02-7.82%), and carbohydrates (77.60-87.32%) varied significantly (p < 0.05) across blends. Pasting properties revealed: peak time (46.4 -5.63 s), pasting temperature (74.47-77.53 °C). Peak viscosity (26.0-44.6 RVU), minimum viscosity (12.67-14.83RVU), Ultimate viscosity (18.1-31.5 RVU), Attenuation value (142.5-354.5 RVU), and regeneration value (63.0-208 BVU). These results indicate that the inclusion of OFSPF modifies starch gelatinization behavior and improves paste stability. Microbial counts remained within safe limits during storage, with sample CSF2 (80% CF:20% OFSPF) and CSF1 (90% CF:10% OFSPF) having no fungal growth at 35 days. Although CSF3 exhibited the highest carotene (276.87 µg/g) and protein contents (7.82%), CSF2 provided a more balanced combination of nutrient enhancement and functional properties, and was therefore considered the most suitable formulation. This product has potential as a food-based strategy to combat micronutrient deficiencies in vulnerable populations. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/07/23
Elemuo G KUdemba C ONjuwa E GOnwuzuruike U AEmetole J M - Patients with gastric cancer (GC) and peritoneal metastasis (PM) have poor prognoses due to drug resistance and metastatic relapse. The mechanism underlying PM recurrence remains unclear. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/07/28
Chen QianZhang LuChen BiyingLi MengjieZhang MuzixianLiu YirouSun MengJiang YuchaoHong MengtingDing YinuoYang YingshuoNi JiaojiaoYing JieerZhou TianhuaZhuo Wei - Palmatine chloride (berbericinine, CHClNO) is a protoberberine alkaloid found in several plants, including Rhizoma Coptidis, Cortex Phellodendri, Rhizoma Corydalis, Guduchi (), and roots. Palmatine chloride (PA) is known as an inhibitor of dopamine generation. However, its effect on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related macrophage activation caused by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) is not yet well known. In this study, the effects of PA on pyroptotic responses of mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) activated by endotoxin were investigated using Griess reagent assay for nitric oxide (NO) production, fluo-4 assay for cytosolic calcium release, dihydrorhodamine 123 assay for hydrogen peroxide production, multiple cytokine assay for cytokine production, real-time PCR for inflammatory gene transcriptions, and flow cytometry assay for p38 MAPK activation. Preliminary experiments using THP-1 human monocytic cells demonstrated that PA was not cytotoxic and significantly reduced basal NO production. Results revealed that PA significantly reduced excessive production levels of NO, hydrogen peroxide, pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin (IL)-6, CCL3 (MIP-1α), and CSF2 (GM-CSF)), and cytosolic calcium release in endotoxin-stimulated RAW 264.7, but significantly increased the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. PA inhibited endotoxin-induced transcripts of , , , and in activated RAW 264.7. It also decreased p38 MAPK phosphorylation and level of Fas in RAW 264.7 stimulated by endotoxin. To further interpret these findings, a network pharmacology-informed analysis based on large-scale literature mining was performed, supporting the multi-target regulatory role of PA in ER stress-related pathways. Briefly, PA exerts anti-inflammatory effects on endotoxin-stimulated RAW 264.7 via the calcium-CHOP pathway, consequently reducing endotoxin-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, cytokines, etc.) and relieving ER stress-related pyroptotic cascade. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/24
Kim Young-JinPark Wansu