IL-5, Rat Protein
- Known as:
- Interleukin-5, Rat Protein
- Catalog number:
- z03093-1
- Product Quantity:
- USD
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- Genscript
- Gene target:
- IL-5 Rat Protein
Related genes to: IL-5, Rat Protein
- Gene:
- CSF2RB NIH gene
- Name:
- colony stimulating factor 2 receptor beta common subunit
- Previous symbol:
- IL3RB
- Synonyms:
- IL5RB, CD131, betaGMR
- Chromosome:
- 22q12.3
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1991-08-07
- Date modifiied:
- 2017-07-12
- Gene:
- IL5 NIH gene
- Name:
- interleukin 5
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- IL-5, EDF, TRF
- Chromosome:
- 5q31.1
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2001-06-22
- Date modifiied:
- 2015-07-06
- Gene:
- IL5RA NIH gene
- Name:
- interleukin 5 receptor subunit alpha
- Previous symbol:
- IL5R
- Synonyms:
- CDw125, CD125
- Chromosome:
- 3p26.2
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1992-06-18
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-11
- Gene:
- LRR1 NIH gene
- Name:
- leucine rich repeat protein 1
- Previous symbol:
- PPIL5
- Synonyms:
- MGC20689, LRR-1
- Chromosome:
- 14q21.3
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2002-11-20
- Date modifiied:
- 2014-11-18
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- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous lung disease traditionally characterized by neutrophilic inflammation. However, a distinct Type 2 (T2) inflammatory endotype is present in 20-40% of patients. This review examines the pathophysiology and clinical consequences of T2 inflammation in COPD, focusing on established and emerging biomarkers to identify this treatable trait and guide targeted therapies. Orchestrated by Th2 cells and innate lymphoid cells, T2 inflammation involves signature cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which drive eosinophilic tissue infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, airway hyperreactivity, and accelerated remodeling. These processes correlate with increased exacerbation risk and more rapid lung function decline. Blood eosinophil count (BEC) is the most validated and accessible biomarker, with established thresholds guiding the use of inhaled corticosteroids and biologics. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and serum IgE offer complementary predictive value, and combining biomarkers may enhance the identification of responders to specific targeted agents. Clinical trials of biologics, such as dupilumab and mepolizumab, have validated the therapeutic potential of targeting T2 pathways in selected populations, though variable success with other agents highlights unique aspects of COPD pathophysiology and persistent knowledge gaps. Precision medicine, informed by a nuanced interpretation of reliable T2 biomarkers, is crucial for optimizing outcomes in this significant patient subgroup. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/27
Pathak ChetnaCox JoshuaSuri RajatAkuthota Praveen - Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous type 2 inflammatory disease for which biologic therapies have expanded treatment options; however, biomarkers capable of guiding biologic selection remain poorly defined. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the available evidence regarding predictive and prognostic biomarkers associated with currently available biologic agents for CRSwNP (omalizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, reslizumab, and tezepelumab). A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library identified studies published between January 2006 and September 2025. Twenty-five eligible studies, including 12 randomized controlled trials, 12 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, and one indirect treatment comparison study, were analyzed. Multiple biomarkers, including blood eosinophils, total IgE, periostin, eotaxins, eosinophil cationic protein, IL-5, TARC, PARC, and urinary leukotriene E4, were evaluated across biologics targeting IgE, IL-4/IL-13, and IL-5 pathways. Although several biomarkers reflected the modulation of type 2 inflammation and disease activity, no validated biomarker has reliably predicted the superiority of one biologic over another. Nasal IL-5 showed potential for predicting the response to anti-IL-5 therapy but requires further validation. Current evidence supports biomarker use primarily for confirming type 2 inflammation rather than guiding biologic selection. Prospective biomarker-driven and head-to-head comparative studies are needed to enable precision medicine approaches in CRSwNP. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/18
Papacharalampous Georgios XDeftereou Theodora-EleftheriaChaidas KonstantinosVlastarakos Petros VConstantinidis JannisKatotomichelakis Michael - Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) constitutes a multicausal inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses, often associated with olfactory dysfunction (OD), a symptom that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. OD in CRS was traditionally thought to be related to mechanical obstruction of the olfactory cleft, but is now considered to be multifactorial, involving conductive, inflammatory, and sensorineural mechanisms as well. Type-2 inflammatory response (high interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), eosinophilia, and increased IgE are involved in epithelial damage, impaired neurogenesis, and persistent olfactory loss, especially in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). In addition, peripheral chronic inflammation may also play a role in central neural remodeling, which may potentially affect olfactory function. Objective psychophysical testing is necessary to accurately assess olfactory function because self-reports may lack reliability. Management strategies aim at reducing inflammation and restoring sinonasal ventilation. First-line therapy with intranasal corticosteroids and short courses of systemic corticosteroids may be useful for symptomatic relief. Biologic agents directed against type-2 inflammation have demonstrated significant benefits in selected cases. Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) plays an important role in the treatment of refractory CRS to restore the airflow and to improve the delivery of topical drugs. Olfactory outcomes following surgery, however, are variable and often incomplete, reflecting underlying inflammation and neuroepithelial damage. Disease recurrence, especially in type-2-driven CRS, affects long-term outcomes, underscoring the necessity to incorporate surgery in an individualized, endotype-informed treatment strategy. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/20
Tsetsos Nikolaos - Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease driven by immune dysregulation and epidermal barrier dysfunction, in which eosinophils act as key effector cells contributing to tissue damage and persistent inflammation. This comprehensive review elucidates the multifaceted contributions of eosinophils to the progression of AD. Driven by key type 2 cytokines (notably IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and specific chemokines, eosinophils infiltrate lesional skin and undergo IgE-mediated degranulation. The subsequent release of cytotoxic granule proteins, including major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), and eosinophil peroxidase (EPX), directly induces keratinocyte apoptosis, exacerbates tissue remodeling, and sustains the local inflammatory cascade. Furthermore, we explore the intricate crosstalk between eosinophils and sensory neurons, which, alongside cytokines like IL-31, profoundly aggravates chronic pruritus. Consequently, modulating eosinophil activation and recruitment has emerged as a vital therapeutic approach. We systematically evaluate current and emerging pharmacological interventions, ranging from conventional topical corticosteroids to advanced targeted therapies. Particular emphasis is placed on the mechanistic impact of novel biologics and small-molecule Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, demonstrating how they attenuate eosinophilic inflammation. By identifying current gaps in this field, this review provides valuable insights for future research and clinical practice in the field of AD. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/27
Cheng GuangyuanSun SutingDeng GuoshuLuo YingLi MiaoZhao HangYang XiaofanWang RuipingKuai LeZhang YingLi BinRu YiSong Jiankun - Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated neuropathy with heterogeneous presentation and variable treatment response. Blood-based biomarkers remain lacking, and interpretation is confounded by widespread immunoglobulin (IG) therapy. The primary aim was to identify serum inflammatory proteomic signatures associated with CIDP; exploratory aims included associations with disease activity, phenotype, and treatment response. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/25
Bhandage Amol KeshavasaStascheit FraukePreßler HannahHoffmann SarahMeisel AndreasPunga Anna Rostedt