Rat 14-3-3 protein ELISA Kit
- Known as:
- Rat 14-3-3 protein Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test Kit
- Catalog number:
- e12410104
- Product Quantity:
- USD
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- Sincere
- Gene target:
- Rat 14-3-3 protein ELISA Kit
Related genes to: Rat 14-3-3 protein ELISA Kit
- Gene:
- PPP1R16A NIH gene
- Name:
- protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 16A
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- MGC14333, MYPT3
- Chromosome:
- 8q24.3
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2001-06-29
- Date modifiied:
- 2015-11-18
Related products to: Rat 14-3-3 protein ELISA Kit
Related articles to: Rat 14-3-3 protein ELISA Kit
- Mammalian oocyte maturation is a tightly regulated process essential for successful fertilization and embryonic development. Meiotic resumption in mammalian oocytes is controlled by various regulatory factors, including the tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein (YWHA/14-3-3). However, the specific functions of individual YWHA isoforms in oocyte meiosis remain poorly understood. In this study, we revealed that knockdown of Ywhaz, one of the isoforms of YWHA, using short interfering RNA (siRNA) or morpholino oligomers (MOs), accelerates meiotic resumption in mouse oocytes. To elucidate the mechanism underlying YWHAZ-mediated meiotic resumption, we thus explored its interactions with potential target proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated a physical interaction between YWHAZ and phosphorylated CDC25B. Additionally, we identified the protein kinases responsible for YWHAZ phosphorylation at distinct residues. Specifically, JNK1, CSNK1A1/CKIα, and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) were found to phosphorylate YWHAZ at Serine 184/186, Threonine 232, and Serine 58, respectively. Notably, phosphorylation of YWHAZ at serine 58 by PKB/Akt promoted meiotic resumption in mouse oocytes. Furthermore, we found the formation of a heterodimer between YWHAZ and YWHAQ. Our results provide insights into the PKB/Akt-YWHAZ-CDC25B signalling pathway and illuminate the functional influence of YWHAZ phosphorylation in meiotic regulation. - Source: PubMed
Huo JianchaoZhao YifanMa ZengyouZheng HaoyiPeng Hui - Gastric cancer (GC)-derived cell lines were generally used in basic cancer research and drug screening. However, it is always concerned about the difference between cultured cells and primary tumor by oncologists. To address this question, we compared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in primary cancers, healthy tissues, and cell lines both in vitro and in silico. Seven reported genes with decreased expression in GCs by DNA methylation were analyzed in our cohort studies and experimentally validation. Selected datasets from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), CCLE (The Broad Institute Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia), and GTEx (The Genotype-Tissue Expression project) were used to represent GCs, GC-derived cell lines, and healthy tissues respectively in the in silico analysis. Thirty gastric tissues together with six cell lines were used for validations. Unexpectedly, we experimentally found that reported cancer-related downregulated genes were only found in cancer cell lines but not in biopsies. The unchanged gene expressions in primary GCs were generally consistent with our cohort study, using information from cancerous (TCGA) and healthy tissues (GETx). Substantial differences were also found between DEGs of cancer tissues (TGCA)/ healthy tissues (GTEx) pair and cell lines (CCLE)/ healthy tissues (GTEx) pair, which confirmed the significant differences between primary cancer and cancer cell lines. Moreover, elevated expression of YWHAQ (14-3-3 δ) and THBS1 were observed in the GC biopsies, which might be potential biomarkers for GC diagnosis, considering the increased YWHAQ and THBS1 associated with poor survival rates in gastric cancer patients. In sum, it is suggested that cautions should be taken when using GC cell lines to study genes that show great differences between cell lines and tissues. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2021/08/26
Cai SiqiYao DanZhang YuqiLi ZhaoheLi XiaoyuLi Li - Tubular changes contribute to the development of renal pathologies in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), including interstitial fibrosis. It is unclear how tubular cells relay signals to interstitial fibroblasts. Recently, exosomes have been recognized as crucial mediators of intercellular communication. We hypothesized that exosomes secreted from tubular cells may stimulate fibroblasts for interstitial fibrosis in DKD. In this study, we isolated and purified exosomes from the renal cortex of DKD mice and high glucose-treated mouse proximal tubular cells. Compared with nondiabetic mice, exosome secretion in kidney tissues decreased in DKD mice. Likewise, high glucose incubation reduced exosome secretion in mouse kidney proximal tubular BUMPT cells. To study the effect of tubular cell exosomes on fibroblasts, exosomes from BUMPT cells were added to renal fibroblast NRK-49F cell cultures. Notably, exosomes from high glucose conditioned BUMPT cells induced higher proliferation, significant morphological change, and substantial production of fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen type Ι in NRK-49F fibroblasts. Proteomics analysis was further performed to profile the proteins within tubular cell exosomes. Interestingly, 22 proteins were found to be differentially expressed between tubular exosomes derived from high glucose conditioned cells and those from normal glucose conditioned cells. Cytoscape analysis suggested the existence of two protein-protein interaction networks in these exosomal differentially expressed proteins. While one of the protein-protein interaction networks comprised enolase 1 (Eno1), heat shock protein family A member 8 (Hspa8), thioredoxin 1 (Txn1), peptidylprolyl isomerase A (Ppia), phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (Pgk1), DNA topoisomerase II-β (Top2b), and β-actin (Actb), the other had the family proteins of human leucocyte antigen F (Ywhag), a component of the ND10 nuclear body (Ywhae), interferon regulatory factor-8 (Ywhaq), and human leucocyte antigen A (Ywhaz). Gene expression analysis via Nephroseq showed a correlation of Eno1 expression with DKD clinical manifestation. In conclusion, DKD is associated with a decrease in exosome secretion in renal tubular cells. Exosomes from high glucose conditioned tubular cells may regulate the proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, contributing to the paracrine signaling mechanism responsible for the pathological onset of renal interstitial fibrosis in DKD. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2020/07/27
Wen JinMa ZhengweiLivingston Man JZhang WeiYuan YanggangGuo ChunyuanLiu YutaoFu PingDong Zheng - Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder partly induced by dysregulation of different brain regions. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysregulation has been reported to associate with mental symptoms such as delusion, apathy, and depression in AD patients. However, the internal mechanisms have not yet been well-understood. This study aims to identify the potential therapeutic target genes and related pathways in PFC of AD. First, differential expression analyses were performed on transcriptome microarray of PFC between AD specimens and non-AD controls. Second, protein-protein interaction networks were constructed based on the identified differentially expressed genes to explore candidate therapeutic target genes. Finally, these candidate genes were validated through biological experiments. The enrichment analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in protein functions and pathways related to AD. Furthermore, the top ten hub genes in the protein-protein interaction network (ELAVL1, CUL3, MAPK6, FBXW11, YWHAE, YWHAZ, GRB2, CLTC, YWHAQ, and PDHA1) were proved to be directly or indirectly related to AD. Besides, six genes (PDHA1, CLTC, YWHAE, MAPK6, YWHAZ, and GRB2) of which were validated to significantly altered in AD mice by biological experiments. Importantly, the most significantly changed gene, PDHA1, was proposed for the first time that may be serve as a target gene in AD treatment. In summary, several genes and pathways that play critical roles in PFC of AD patients have been uncovered, which will provide novel insights on molecular targets for treatment and diagnostic biomarkers of AD. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2020/01/31
Yang FuzhangDiao XinWang FushuaiWang QuanweiSun JiaminZhou YanXie Jiang - The 14-3-3 family of proteins has undergone considerable expansion in higher eukaryotes with humans and mice expressing seven isoforms (β, ε, η, γ, θ, ζ, and σ) from seven distinct genes (YWHAB, YWAHE, YWHAH, YWHAG, YWHAQ, YWHAZ, and SFN). Growing evidence indicates that while highly conserved, these isoforms are not entirely functionally redundant as they exhibit unique tissue expression profiles, subcellular localization, and biochemical functions. A key limitation in our understanding of 14-3-3 biology lies in our limited knowledge of cell-type specific 14-3-3 expression. Here we provide a characterization of 14-3-3 expression in whole retina and isolated rod photoreceptors using reverse-transcriptase digital droplet PCR. We find that all 14-3-3 genes with the exception of SFN are expressed in mouse retina with YWHAQ and YWHAE being the most highly expressed. Rod photoreceptors are enriched in YWHAE (14-3-3 ε). Immunohistochemistry revealed that 14-3-3 ε and 14-3-3 ζ exhibit unique distributions in photoreceptors with 14-3-3 ε restricted to the inner segment and 14-3-3 ζ localized to the outer segment. Our data demonstrates that, in the retina, 14-3-3 isoforms likely serve specific functions as they exhibit unique expression levels and cell-type specificity. As such, future investigations into 14-3-3 function in rod photoreceptors should be centered on 14-3-3 ε and 14-3-3 ζ, depending on the subcellular region of question. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2018/02/24
Inamdar Shivangi MLankford Colten KLaird Joseph GNovbatova GulnaraTatro NicoleWhitmore S ScottScheetz Todd EBaker Sheila A