HCG Test Card (Urine)
- Known as:
- HCG Test Card (Urine)
- Catalog number:
- 4s00187
- Product Quantity:
- EUR
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- Good Biotech Corp - GBC
- Gene target:
- HCG Test Card (Urine)
Related genes to: HCG Test Card (Urine)
- Gene:
- MAVS NIH gene
- Name:
- mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- VISA, KIAA1271, IPS-1, Cardif
- Chromosome:
- 20p13
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2009-04-01
- Date modifiied:
- 2017-09-22
Related products to: HCG Test Card (Urine)
Related articles to: HCG Test Card (Urine)
- Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) infection poses a significant threat to largemouth bass farming in China, yet effective and safe vaccines remain scarce. In this study, we designed and evaluated four mRNA vaccine candidates against LMBV, all encoding the viral major capsid protein (MCP). The fully configured construct (LMUM) contained a 5' cap1, untranslated regions (UTRs), and a poly(A) tail, and was produced by in vitro transcription. Each mRNA was encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), yielding homogeneous particles (∼110 nm diameter, ∼54 mV zeta potential) with >96% encapsulation efficiency that provided substantial protection against RNase degradation (43% of mRNA remained intact in LNP-encapsulated groups versus 10% in unprotected controls). Intramuscular immunization of largemouth bass with LNP-encapsulated LMUM (0.2 μg/g body weight) induced MCP-specific serum antibodies after primary immunization, with a strong booster response after the second dose. In the LMUM-immunized group, spleen mRNA levels of IgM and CD4 were upregulated 3.4-fold and 3.2-fold, respectively, by day 14, while the groups lacking UTR or cap/poly(A) tail failed to induce these adaptive immune markers. Interestingly, the incomplete constructs triggered stronger activation of the RIG-I pathway (RIG-I, MAVS, TBK1) than the fully modified LMUM, suggesting that the combination of cap1, UTR, and poly(A) tail helps dampen excessive innate sensing. Following a lethal LMBV challenge, the LMUM vaccine conferred 45-50% relative survival after primary immunization, which increased to 53-57% after the booster dose. In contrast, the incomplete vaccine constructs and naked mRNA gave only 10-15% survival, and control groups experienced nearly complete mortality. These results demonstrate that a fully modified mRNA-LNP vaccine against LMBV induces robust humoral and cellular immune responses and provides significant protective efficacy in largemouth bass. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/30
Liu YujunZhang GengrongQu HaozheHu ZiyuHe MaoshengLing FeiWang GaoxueLiu Tianqiang - Human trophoblast organoids (TOs) are three-dimensional ex vivo culture models that enable the study of placental development, physiology and pathology. A major limitation of TOs grown in Matrigel or other extracellular matrices is their apical-inward polarity, in which cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) line the outer surface and the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) forms the interior layer, opposite to their orientation in vivo. Here we present a detailed protocol to reverse TO polarity, producing organoids that recapitulate the cellular orientation of human chorionic villi. Standard TOs with inward-facing STBs (STB) undergo polarity reversal during suspension culture to generate outward-facing STBs (STB). In parallel, we describe a complementary protocol for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing in TOs and illustrate its application in generating CGA (hCG) knockout organoids, which disrupt placental hormone secretion, and MAVS knockouts, which impair antiviral signaling. The outward-facing STB protocol can be completed in ~2 weeks, whereas the establishment of stable gene-edited TO lines requires 2-3 months. Successful implementation requires experience in TO culture, lentiviral transduction and CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing. Together, these protocols provide versatile and reproducible methods for modeling placental architecture and studying gene function in vitro, enabling functional interrogation of trophoblast biology within physiologically oriented organoids. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/29
Yang LihengHatterschide JoshuaWorota Rizban ECooley KailaCoyne Carolyn B - How antiviral immunity first arose in animals is a central question in evolutionary biology. Here, using the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, we identify CARDIB, a previously uncharacterized gene located next to RLRb-a cnidarian homologue of the vertebrate RIG-I-like receptor family. This conserved genomic linkage across Anthozoa reveals an ancient coupling between immune sensing and regulation. Despite sequence similarity to vertebrate MAVS, CARDIB performs an opposing function: it represses immune genes under basal conditions yet is essential for activation upon viral challenge. CARDIB binds RLRb through a single CARD domain, forming a repressive complex. Loss of either gene abolishes antiviral transcription, disrupts apoptosis and elevates viral load under laboratory conditions. Both genes, as well as the RLRb paralogue RLRa, are essential for antiviral defence under native conditions. Phylogeny places the cnidarian CARDs distinctly from the vertebrate RLR-MAVS families, revealing an ancient mechanism that regulates the antiviral response through CARD-based signalling. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/26
Sharoni TonJaimes-Becerra AdrianBirch SydneyKwak Hee-JinAleshkina DariaLewandowska MagdaSurm Joachim MJustin HannahAharoni ReuvenReitzel Adam MMoran Yehu - Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that continuously remodel their morphology through fusion and fission in response to cellular cues. While this dynamic behavior is essential for diverse cellular functions, how mitochondrial dynamics influence innate immune responses remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that mitochondrial hyperfusion-induced by loss of the fission factor DRP1 or by cellular stress, including cycloheximide or doxorubicin treatment-is associated with activation of a RIG-I-MAVS-dependent innate immune response and BAX-dependent cytosolic release of mitochondrial RNA. Functionally, our data suggest that this pathway contributes to enhanced susceptibility to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and reduced tumor growth in a xenograft model. Collectively, our findings identify mitochondrial hyperfusion-induced mtRNA release as a mechanism that engages innate immune signaling downstream of impaired mitochondrial dynamics. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/26
Yasuda TatsukiIchikawa AoiOnoue KentaOgasawara EmiIshihara TakayaKosako HidetakaIshihara Naotada - Mitochondria are central hubs of antiviral immunity and cellular metabolism, yet the links between SARS-CoV-2-induced mitochondrial remodeling, antiviral gene regulation, and post-translational control remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated mitochondrial-immune remodeling in SARS-CoV-2-infected lung-derived LC-HK2 cells at 48 and 96 h post-infection using confocal and high-content imaging, colocalization analysis, CellProfiler quantification, RT-qPCR, proteomics, cytokine profiling, and conditioned-medium analysis. Infection induced a time-dependent mitochondrial phenotype. At 48 hpi, cells displayed early mitochondrial stress and fission-associated signatures, including increased DRP1, transient upregulation of mitochondrial respiratory genes, and reduced MFN1/2. At 96 hpi, mitochondria shifted toward elongated perinuclear networks, accompanied by increased fusion/biogenesis markers and partial ISG15-MFN2 colocalization, indicating a spatial association between ISG15-related antiviral/stress responses and mitochondrial remodeling. Antiviral and ISG-related transcripts were consistently upregulated, but IFN-α2 secretion remained limited, suggesting partial uncoupling between antiviral transcriptional activation and downstream interferon output. SUMO2/3 was dynamically modulated and showed time-dependent colocalization with mitochondrial dynamics proteins and MAVS. Together, these data support a coordinated mitochondrial-immune regulatory axis involving mitochondrial remodeling, ISG15-associated responses, and SUMO-dependent regulation during SARS-CoV-2 infection. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/16
Melo Thatiana Corrêa deValerio Hellen PaulaTrevisan-Silva DilzaSouza Marcelo Medina deMelo Amanda Teixeira deAlvarez-Flores Miryam PaolaOliveira Douglas SouzaGomes Renata NascimentoMachado-Santelli Glaucia MariaRibeiro Beatriz Fumelli MontiBotosso Viviane FongaroCalil Jorge Soraia AttieChudzinski-Tavassi Ana Marisa