Ask about this productRelated genes to: SOS1 antibody
- Gene:
- SOS1 NIH gene
- Name:
- SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1
- Previous symbol:
- GINGF
- Synonyms:
- HGF, GF1
- Chromosome:
- 2p22.1
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1993-10-27
- Date modifiied:
- 2019-04-23
Related products to: SOS1 antibody
Related articles to: SOS1 antibody
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.) feeds half of humanity, yet its cultivation is increasingly threatened by soil salinization, which now affects 1.4 billion hectares globally. Decades of breeding and engineering have focused on Na exclusion, principally through the Saltol QTL and the xylem-unloading transporter OsHKT1;5, yet this strategy has reached a physiological ceiling. Excluder genotypes survive salinity but fail to fill grain, because the ATP-intensive cost of continuous ion extrusion starves reproductive sinks, while ABA-mediated stomatal closure imposes chronic carbon limitation. The resulting "survival-yield gap" exposes a fundamental flaw in single-trait approaches to a polygenic stress. In this review, we argue that durable, yield-stable salt tolerance requires a coordinated systems-level intervention spanning five mechanistic tiers: (i) CRISPR/Cas9-mediated removal of negative regulatory brakes (OsRR22, RST1, PC1) that suppress plant's latent stress-adaptive capacity; (ii) reinforcement of actin-myosin cytoskeletal transport to sustain SOS1, NHX1, and HKT1;5 delivery under ionic stress; (iii) importation of halophyte design principles from Oryza coarctata, including salt gland architecture and superior Na compartmentalization; (iv) recalibration of the ROS-photosynthesis axis via the DHHC09-STRK1-CatC molecular switch and stomatal density engineering; and (v) pyramiding these modules into a "Salt-Shield Rice" genotype through multiplex editing, marker-assisted introgression, speed breeding, and genomic selection. We propose a phased ten-year roadmap that integrates synthetic biology circuit design with conventional breeding to deliver field-ready, multi-module varieties with greater than 70% yield stability at 8-10 dS m. This remains an aspirational design target rather than a demonstrated outcome, as three of the five tiers-halophyte-derived structural traits, cytoskeletal reinforcement, and full multi-module pyramiding-remain unvalidated in rice. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/09/01
Bulle MalleshamKondi Ravi Kiran ReddyRahman Md MezanurSharma MansiRana PrabhatChaudhary ChanderkantSubudhi Prasanta K - KRAS mutations are present in approximately 40-45% of colorectal cancers (CRC), but currently approved KRAS-directed therapies address only the small G12C subset. G12D and G12V account for a much larger proportion of KRAS-mutant CRC and remain major unmet therapeutic targets. This review summarizes emerging strategies for non-G12C KRAS-mutant CRC. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/09/01
Sagawa TamotsuHirakawa MasahiroNagashima HiroyukiFujikawa Koshi - Protein persulfidation, a redox-based post-translational modification mediated by hydrogen sulfide (HS) on cysteine thiols, plays a central regulatory role in plant growth, development, and stress adaptation. Elucidating its biological functions and molecular mechanisms depends on accurate detection, identification, and quantification. Over the past decade, various optimized methods for persulfidation detection have been developed, which can be categorized into modified biotin switch assays, mass spectrometry-based high-throughput analysis, antibody-dependent western blotting, electrophilic trapping strategies, fluorescent probing, and alkylating compound-based approaches. Critically, persulfidation acts as a versatile modulator that fine-tunes multiple phytohormone signaling pathways-including those of ethylene, abscisic acid, auxin, and melatonin-by targeting key enzymes, receptors, and transcription factors. This regulation governs essential processes, such as fruit ripening, stomatal movement, root development, and osmotic stress adaptation. Beyond hormonal regulation, persulfidation is essential for maintaining cellular ion homeostasis. It enhances salt and drought tolerance by activating the plasma membrane H-ATPase and the SOS1 Na/H antiporter to drive Na extrusion, while concurrently inhibiting K efflux channels to retain cellular K, executing a coordinated 'activate efflux, inhibit leak' strategy. In summary, persulfidation emerges as a fundamental regulatory mechanism that integrates HS signaling with phytohormone actions and ion transport to coordinate plant development and stress resilience. This synthesis provides a comprehensive framework for understanding its multifaceted roles and highlights its potential as a target for improving crop adaptation. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/27
Yang DiHuang DengjingChen XinfangLi AilingChen HuanLiao Weibiao - SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) proteins constitute a conserved family of sugar transporters that play pivotal roles in carbohydrate allocation and stress responses. In this study, we systematically identified 14 SWEET homologs in the genome of sacred lotus () and validated their transport activity for both hexoses and sucrose. Subsequent analysis revealed that stress-responsive elements are the most enriched promoter sequences of genes. Quantitative expression profiling of the members found that was strongly upregulated under salt stress. NnSWEET4a was localized at the plasma membrane; its expression conferred salt sensitivity in both yeast and . Transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing exhibited substantial downregulation of the -- signaling module and concomitant alterations in cellular sugar homeostasis. Further analysis revealed that exogenous sugar application aggravated salt sensitivity and SOS pathway inhibition in transgenic plants, and -overexpressing Arabidopsis recapitulated identical phenotypic and molecular responses, including salt sensitivity and repression of genes. These findings indicate that NnSWEET4a impairs salt tolerance through disruption of sugar homeostasis. The results establish a mechanistic framework for future investigations into SWEET-dependent regulation of sugar homeostasis and salt stress adaptation. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/21
Zhao ShilongLu XiangxinLi ZongyueZhang XiaoyiChen SiyingGao YanPeng JiashiGu Tianyu - is a perennial halophytic grass commonly regarded as a pioneer species for the ecological restoration of saline-alkali land. Its adaptive capacity and subsequent utilization value are shaped by interacting structural, physiological, molecular, ecological, and management-related factors. This review summarizes recent studies on saline-alkali tolerance in , with emphasis on root structural barriers, Na/K homeostasis, osmotic adjustment, organic-acid metabolism, antioxidant defense, ion transport, and multi-omics regulation. To better understand the integrated stress response, we propose a functional framework that distinguishes first-line defenses from downstream cellular repair mechanisms. First-line defenses include root apoplastic barriers (Casparian strips and suberization) that restrict Na entry, plasma-membrane Na/H antiporters (e.g., SOS1) that mediate active Na exclusion, and K-retention mechanisms (e.g., AKT1, HKT2;1) that preserve cytosolic K/Na homeostasis-these operate rapidly to prevent ion imbalance at the onset of stress. Downstream repair and acclimation mechanisms include osmotic adjustment via compatible solutes (e.g., proline, glycine betaine), organic-acid accumulation (especially citric acid) for pH regulation and chelation, ROS scavenging systems, and proteomic/phosphoproteomic reprogramming that repair stress-induced damage and restore metabolic balance. Furthermore, saline-alkali stress involves both short-term osmotic shock and long-term ionic toxicity, and available evidence suggests a temporal shift in the relative importance of these mechanisms: osmotic adjustment and rapid ion exclusion dominate during the initial hours to days of stress, whereas organic-acid metabolism, ROS buffering, and molecular reprogramming become increasingly important during prolonged exposure, sustaining tissue integrity and enabling long-term persistence. Current evidence indicates that saline-alkali tolerance in results from the combined action of several processes, including restricted Na entry, K retention, organic-acid accumulation, reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and organ-specific molecular responses. This review also discusses the significance of in community establishment, saline-alkali land restoration, and post-restoration forage utilization. Field studies and limited feeding trials suggest that can provide biomass and utilization potential after community stabilization. However, based on current evidence, it is more appropriate to define its forage value as a post-restoration utilization extension rather than as that of a fully developed specialized forage crop. Further studies are required on nutritional quality, mineral-element safety, long-term field management, and animal feeding validation. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/12
Chen JiayiZheng HongxiaQu ZhenSun MeihongXu Xiaofeng