Ask about this productRelated genes to: TLR3 Blocking Peptide
- Gene:
- TLR3 NIH gene
- Name:
- toll like receptor 3
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- CD283
- Chromosome:
- 4q35.1
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1998-06-25
- Date modifiied:
- 2019-04-23
Related products to: TLR3 Blocking Peptide
Related articles to: TLR3 Blocking Peptide
- RNA viruses (LRVs) have emerged as significant modulators of disease severity, therapeutic response, and clinical outcomes in various forms of leishmaniasis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge surrounding LRV1 and LRV2, focusing on their taxonomy, molecular biology, epidemiological patterns, and pathogenic roles across species. LRV1, predominantly infecting New World () species such as and , and LRV2, primarily associated with Old World species such as , , and as viral endosymbionts, have both been associated with increased mucocutaneous dissemination, treatment failure, and disease relapse. Mechanistically, these viruses enhance parasite virulence through immune modulation-particularly via Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-leading to chronic inflammation and host tissue damage. The presence of LRV has been correlated with unresponsiveness to first-line treatments such as meglumine antimoniate and amphotericin B, especially in endemic regions. Furthermore, LRV may serve as a prognostic biomarker, and its detection could guide therapeutic decision-making in high-risk patients. The review also discusses emerging therapeutic strategies targeting viral components, such as capsid proteins and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, as well as vaccine development using recombinant viral antigens. Finally, it emphasizes the urgent need for expanded surveillance, standardized diagnostics, and deeper exploration of host-virus-parasite interactions to better understand the clinical and epidemiological impact of LRV-positive leishmaniasis. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/03
Zolfaghari AzadehSeyedyousefi SarahShahmoradi ZabihollahZaker ErfanEsboei Bahman Rahimi - Chronic immune activation and systemic inflammation persist in people living with HIV (PWH) despite effective antiretroviral therapy, contributing to increased cardiovascular and cancer risk. Monocytes play a central role in this process, partly through type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling. As Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and 7 are key inducers of endogenous IFN-I in response to viral RNA, we investigated how TLR3 and TLR7 stimulation contributes to IFN-I-driven monocyte activation, and whether this response-potentially involving both direct TLR signaling and IFN-I mediated amplification- can be modulated by JAK-STAT inhibition. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/04
Camard MarionPlaçais LéoBitu MarieMouanga ChristelliahBourdic KatiaRick-Ryan MagagiPaoletti AudreyBourgeois ChristineLambotte OlivierNoel Nicolas - Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), the primary causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), can cause severe neurological complications and even death, particularly in young children. Despite the availability of inactivated vaccines, their protective efficacy has been compromised due to frequent intra- and intertypic recombination events and ongoing mutations among circulating EV-A71 strains. To address this, we employed immunoinformatic approaches and identified conserved epitopes and constructed a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) candidate against EV-A71. A total of 1,627 structural protein sequences from EV-A71 strains encompassing all major circulating subtypes were retrieved and aligned to generate a consensus sequence. With this consensus sequence, 11 conserved, antigenic, and non-allergenic epitopes capable of eliciting B-cell, T-cell, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses were identified. The constructed MEV demonstrated superior immunological potential with a high antigenicity score of 0.94 and was predicted to be non-allergenic and non-toxic. Structural characterization via AlphaFold 3 and 300 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed the formation of a stable β-strand framework. Molecular docking followed by trajectory-stabilized interaction analysis revealed that the MEV maintains a high-affinity and stable binding profile with Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3). To ensure optimal translational efficiency, the vaccine gene was codon-optimized with a GC content of 52.8%, and the protein was successfully expressed in a bacterial system. Collectively, this study provides a high-performance MEV candidate with robust structural stability and potent immunogenicity, offering a promising and cost-effective strategy for broad-spectrum protection against EV-A71. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/04
Wang XiaoChen Xiaowei - Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is linked to increased neuroinflammation. Alcohol (ethanol) may activate toll-like receptors, which leads to the release of inflammatory molecules that could influence AUD-related behaviors, such as increased alcohol intake. Activation of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) by Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C) or PIC) is associated with escalation of alcohol consumption in male, but not female F1 hybrid mice from reciprocal crosses between FVB/NJ (FVB) and C57BL/6J (B6) strains. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms of these sex-specific behavioral effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of TLR3 activation by PIC on temporal profiles of several pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules in the blood and brain of FVB/B6 F1 hybrid male and female mice at multiple time points. We hypothesized that TLR3 - dependent immune profiles would differ between males and females, which may, at least in part, explain the observed differences in drinking behavior. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/24
Antwi-Adjei PShanmugam SKisby BPonomarev I - : Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading global pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection, posing significant risks to infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. Levl.et Vant Extract (AALE) and its active components have a variety of pharmacological effects, but their anti-RSV potential remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-RSV activity of AALE and parthenolide and its underlying mechanisms. : Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine the anti-RSV activities of AALE and parthenolide. Time-of-addition assay and phase of action analysis were used to explore the effect of drugs on the viral replication cycle. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRCR), immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blot (WB) were used to investigate the effects of AALE and parthenolide on RSV-F gene and protein and on RIG-I/TLR-3 pathway related molecules in vitro. In vivo antiviral efficacy was verified by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining for lung histopathology, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) quantification of RSV-F, RIG-I, TLR-3, IRF3, IL-6, and IFN-β gene expression in lung tissues, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serum IL-6 and IFN-β levels. : AALE exhibited the strongest anti-RSV activity among the extracts (SI = 27.6), while parthenolide was the most potent monomeric compound (SI = 8.19). In vitro, both AALE and parthenolide were effective in the co-treatment and post-treatment models, reducing RSV-F gene and F protein levels in infected cells. Furthermore, they alleviated RSV infection by regulating RIG-I and TLR-3 pathway-related genes and proteins. In vivo, AALE and parthenolide suppressed lung index and RSV proliferation, attenuated lung injury, and down-regulated RIG-I, TLR-3, IRF3, IL-6, and IFN-β expression in the lungs of RSV-infected mice. : AALE and its component parthenolide can inhibit the invasion and replication of RSV, making it a potential candidate for the treatment of RSV-related diseases. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/18
Tan ZetingLiang RongshunJunka AdamSun HaoxuanJiang JieMa HaojiaFang ShisongSun Yanfang