Ask about this productRelated genes to: IL21 protein
- Gene:
- IL21 NIH gene
- Name:
- interleukin 21
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- Za11, IL-21
- Chromosome:
- 4q27
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2000-03-29
- Date modifiied:
- 2019-04-23
Related products to: IL21 protein
Related articles to: IL21 protein
- The development of effective cellular immunotherapies for solid tumors requires the presence of robust infiltration, persistence, proliferation, and antigen-specific cytotoxicity. Here, we engineered induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cytotoxic T cells transduced with a chimeric antigen receptor (iCAR-T cells) and identified an optimal cytokine armoring strategy. Co-expression of interleukin-15 (IL-15) and IL-21 synergistically enhanced STAT1 phosphorylation, leading to increased transcriptional activation of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and thereby improving tumor homing capacity. Furthermore, the engineered iCAR-T cells maintained a CD45RACD45ROCCR7CD62L memory T cell-like phenotype in tumors, contributing to the prolonged survival of the animal model. These findings demonstrate that cytokine synergy can be engineered into iPSC-derived T cells to overcome significant barriers in solid tumor immunotherapy, offering a scalable approach to developing next-generation off-the-shelf CAR-T therapies. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/12
Ishikawa AkihiroWaseda MasazumiIshii TomokoKawai YoheiKaneko Shin - Although CD4 T cells are known to play a crucial helper role in mammalian humoral immunity, the function of early-evolved CD4-1 T cells in teleost fish for assisting B cell-mediated antibody production remain to be elucidated. Using grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a model, this study demonstrated that CD4-1 T cells play a critical role in vaccine-induced antibody production and antibacterial immunity. We confirmed that inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine significantly induced interleukin-21 (IL-21) expression in grass carp head kidney leukocytes (HKLs), and identified CD4-1 T cells as the primary cellular source of IL-21. In vitro experiments showed that IL-21 effectively promoted B cell differentiation into plasma cells and enhanced IgM secretion, which synergized with A. hydrophila to exert a more pronounced effect. Meanwhile, our in vivo studies demonstrated that IL-21 possess molecular adjuvant function when co-immunized with A. hydrophila. Depletion of CD4-1 T cells reduced A. hydrophila-elicited specific IgM levels and antibacterial immune protection, confirming their essential helper function. Injection of IL-21 into CD4-1 T cell depletion fish can partially improve the survival rate but could not restore antibody levels, indicating that while IL-21 has direct immunoenhancing effects, CD4-1 T cells are essential for a full antibody response. In conclusion, these results demonstrated the critical roles of CD4-1 T cells and their secreted IL-21 in vaccine-induced humoral immunity in grass carp, providing a foundation for identifying Tfh-like cells in teleost fish and supporting the potential application of IL-21 as molecular adjuvant in fish vaccines. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/11
Zhang NanLiu XunZhu RuiDong Wen-JingHuang Yan-HuiZhang Yong-AnZhang Xu-Jie - Severe intestinal or hepatobiliary cryptosporidiosis affects patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI), particularly those with CD40 ligand or CD40 deficiency, major histocompatibility complex class II deficiency, interleukin-21 receptor deficiency, and DOCK8 deficiency. Susceptibility to Cryptosporidium reflects defects in lymphocyte development, activation, and effector function. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/12
Wang ChenFilippov EvgeniiSeyedmousavi AmirKleiner David ERai AnjaliHeller TheoDias Ajoy LGonzalez Corina EArnold Danielle EDimitrova DimanaMalech Harry LPai Sung-YunNotarangelo Luigi DHolland Steven MUzel GulbuCuellar-Rodriguez JenniferFreeman Alexandra FCzech Mary M - To characterize the dynamic changes in B-cell subsets in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) positivity treated with telitacicept and to identify baseline predictors of treatment response. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/23
Sun YadiWang XuWang YueyingAn PingGuo DazhenXing Qian - Pulmonary (MAB) infection presents a therapeutic challenge, and while anti-programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1) therapy is clinically associated with increased MAB risk, yet the underlying immunomodulatory mechanisms remain elusive. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/24
Yu XiaowenHuang LuXie Jianping