Ask about this productRelated genes to: GCLC Blocking Peptide
- Gene:
- GCLC NIH gene
- Name:
- glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
- Previous symbol:
- GLCLC, GLCL
- Synonyms:
- GCS
- Chromosome:
- 6p12.1
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1993-11-24
- Date modifiied:
- 2019-04-23
Related products to: GCLC Blocking Peptide
Related articles to: GCLC Blocking Peptide
- Triptolide (TP) is an effective anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent, yet its clinical application is constrained by significant male reproductive toxicity. Curcumin, a natural antioxidant, exhibits protective effects; however, whether it protects against TP-induced damage during mouse spermatogenesis and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/26
Wang ChenyangZhang PengfeiLiu XuyangLi MingxingChen LongYang QianqianHuang Yulin - Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive therapeutic strategy that uses red and near-infrared (NIR) light in the 590-950 nm range to modulate the cellular and molecular pathways involved in retinal homeostasis. At the molecular level, PBM acts primarily through photon absorption by cytochrome c oxidase (CcO, complex IV of the mitochondrial electron transport chain), whose four metal centres-two copper (CuA and CuB) and two heme groups (heme a and heme a)-absorb light across approximately 600-1000 nm. Photon capture promotes photodissociation of inhibitory nitric oxide (NO) from the binuclear CuB-heme a centre, accelerates electron transfer, restores the proton-motive force and increases ATP synthesis. These primary events trigger a coordinated molecular programme that includes (i) transient mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts that activate the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE axis and upregulate phase II antioxidant enzymes (HO-1, NQO1, GCLC, SOD2, catalase, GPx); (ii) calcium- and cAMP-dependent secondary signalling that converges on PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, AMPK and mTOR pathways; (iii) suppression of NF-κB-driven cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and of NLRP3 inflammasome activation; (iv) downregulation of the HIF-1α/VEGF axis, particularly at 590 nm; (v) anti-apoptotic remodelling of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio with reduced cytochrome c release and caspase-3/9 activation; and (vi) PGC-1α/TFAM/NRF1-driven mitochondrial biogenesis, alongside restoration of fission/fusion homeostasis (Drp1, Mfn1/2, Opa1) and PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Wavelength specificity has a defined molecular basis: 590 nm modulates VEGF signalling and RPE pump activity, 660 nm interacts with the CuB centre and enhances O binding at CcO, and 850 nm is absorbed by CuA and supports electron entry into complex IV. A second molecular axis is the bidirectional crosstalk between PBM and the circadian system: mitochondrial respiration, ATP turnover and CcO activity oscillate over the 24 h cycle under the control of the BMAL1/CLOCK and PER/CRY core machinery, the NAD/SIRT1-SIRT3 axis and REV-ERBα. Preliminary preclinical and human observations suggest that NIR-induced bioenergetic and functional gains may be coupled to this rhythm, with greater benefit reported when light is delivered in the morning window (≈08:00-11:00); this time dependence should be regarded as an emerging hypothesis rather than an established clinical principle. The clinical evidence is unevenly developed across indications. It is most robust for non-exudative age-related macular degeneration, where multiwavelength PBM (590/660/850 nm; Valeda Light Delivery System) has shown disease-modifying potential in randomized controlled trials (LIGHTSITE I-III and the LIGHTSITE IIIB extension), with sustained BCVA gains and reduced incidence of geographic atrophy over 24 months and beyond. Evidence for retinitis pigmentosa, central serous chorioretinopathy and, with red-light monotherapy, childhood myopia is at present limited to small or short-term studies and remains preliminary. This narrative review synthesizes the molecular machinery engaged by PBM, integrates clinical findings across retinal diseases and discusses how chronotherapeutic delivery of light, aligned with the molecular clock, may further optimize therapeutic efficacy. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/24
Siqueira Rubens Camargo - Trichoderma is a filamentous fungus with substantial industrial and agricultural value; however, its practical application is constrained by abiotic stresses such as drought, high temperatures, and salinity, particularly when these stresses occur simultaneously. The molecular mechanisms underlying the responses of Trichoderma to combined abiotic stresses remain insufficiently understood. In this study, the stress-tolerant Trichoderma viride strain Tv-1511 was analyzed using RNA sequencing to characterize its transcriptomic responses under PEG-simulated drought stress, and the resulting data were integrated with previously generated transcriptomic datasets from high-temperature (42 °C, 24 h) and salinity (300 mmol/L NaCl, 72 h) treatments. Under 50% Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-simulated drought, 4510 differentially expressed genes were identified and enriched in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and β-lactam antibiotic synthesis based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. Integrating these drought stress data with the high-temperature and salinity datasets revealed 36 commonly upregulated and 29 commonly downregulated genes across triple stresses, primarily involved in redox processes and secondary metabolite synthesis. RT-qPCR validation indicated that Trichoderma mounts a synergistic response to multiple stresses by activating genes like MET17, ALDH (aminoglycoside synthesis), and FeSOD, Cu/ZnSOD, GCLC, GLO1, GST. These findings elucidate key transcriptomic mechanisms underlying Trichoderma responses to single and combined abiotic stresses and provide a theoretical foundation for the targeted improvement of stress-tolerant strains to enhance their agricultural and industrial utility. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/07/11
Liu ChangfaLai XianzhiZhu WentaoBai XiaochenWu XiaoChen HuabinHao YongrenGuo KaiHuang YanhuaZheng Zehui - Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune condition that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals when they consume gluten. The α-gliadin peptide exacerbates the CD pathological process by inducing oxidative stress, intestinal cell damage, and apoptosis. Addressing oxidative stress in CD may offer a valuable strategy for supplementary treatment. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/07/09
Cui ChenxuWang FangyuYu QiuyingWang ChunfengSun XuefengHe KunmiaoZheng YuruChen LinlinWang Na - Ovarian tissue is highly sensitive to ionizing radiation; even low-dose exposure can lead to premature ovarian failure and infertility. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying radiation-induced ovarian damage and potential protective interventions remain incompletely defined. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/07/07
Zhao JiahuiCui FengmeiLi DaWang MeiTang LishaZhang Hong