Ask about this productRelated genes to: GALM Blocking Peptide
- Gene:
- GALM NIH gene
- Name:
- galactose mutarotase
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- -
- Chromosome:
- 2p22.1
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2004-01-13
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
Related products to: GALM Blocking Peptide
Related articles to: GALM Blocking Peptide
- The practical application of gallium-based liquid metal (GaLM) in flexible electronics is limited by its inherent high surface tension and rapid formation of oxide layers, which hinder its effective adhesion to rough substrates. To address this challenge, this study proposes a strategy: constructing a hydroxyl-rich poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) coating that simultaneously planarizes rough substrate surfaces and introduces abundant hydroxyl groups (-OH), enabling strong interfacial adhesion with GaLM oxide layers for patterned circuits on textured substrates. Experimental results reveal that the synergistic effects of surface morphology regulation and hydroxyl-mediated interfacial bonding play a critical role in enhancing GaLM's adhesion across multiple dimensions. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations further elucidate the synergistic effects of hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding at the interface between hydroxyl groups and the GaLM oxide shell. Additionally, flexible electrothermal patches and resistive strain sensors are fabricated by leveraging the selective adhesion of GaLM between hydroxyl-enriched smooth surfaces and rough substrates. This work broadens the selection of substrates for liquid metal-based flexible electronics by enabling the use of rough substrates for circuit fabrication, holding significant implications for wearable devices. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/18
Liu WenlongLi ZhichaoZhao RuopuLiu QingshuiZhang TianqiLv QuhanLi Hui - Traditionally, neonates were screened for classical galactosaemia in 4 of the 5 jurisdictions in Australia creating inequitable access to early intervention. A push to nationally harmonise newborn bloodspot screening enabled the state of Victoria to proceed with implementation of screening for galactosaemia types 1 to 4 enzyme deficiency i.e. galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT-D), galactokinase (GALK-D), epimerase (GALE-D) and mutarotase (GALM-D) deficiencies. This also provided the opportunity to take a modern look at an old screening condition. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/14
Wong DorisHong Kai MunLee JoyHamoy LenizaMitchell Cheryl-AnnPitt JamesGreaves Ronda F - BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized not merely as a malignant tumor, but also as a metabolic disorder encompassing dysregulation of glycolysis. This study was purposed to develop a new effective prognostic model correlated with glycolysis-related genes (GRGs) and investigate its potential mechanisms in PCa. METHODS: We compared the expression differences of GRGs. A glycolysis-associated prognostic model was then developed to categorize PCa patients into different risk subgroups. The diagnostic accuracy and predictive efficacy of the models were assessed. Furthermore, a comprehensive nomogram was developed, incorporating the risk score feature, T and N stage, Gleason score, and age, which was further calibrated for accuracy. Risk groups were analyzed for correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), immune function, and immunotherapy. In addition, we performed functional enrichment analyses. RESULTS: Through constructing Cytoscape regulatory networks, 10 hub genes were identified, and their significance was evaluated and validated. As a result, we confirmed 12 genes (B3GALT6, ANKZF1, IDUA, ENO2, ALDH1A3, GUSB, AURKA, CDK1, LDHB, ALDH3B2, GALM, and ADH1C) for prognostic modeling and calculation of risk scores. Mutations, TIICs, and drug sensitivity were also analyzed. Furthermore, the PTTG1, associated with glycolysis and tumor immunity, was confirmed in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings underscore the prognostic relevance of glycolysis-related genes in prostate cancer and provide novel insights into their association with disease progression and the tumor immune microenvironment. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/02/23
Wang JinhuaChen XiongYang GuoWang Xiaorong - The unique chemical and physical properties of Ga-based liquid metal (Ga-LM) interfaces present an intriguing platform for the in situ synthesis of novel composites. Mechanical shearing can effectively disperse bulk Ga-LM into micro/nanosized droplets, significantly increasing their interfacial area and enhancing their reactivity. Herein, we report the room-temperature, one-step fabrication of a novel ternary Ga-LM/CuO-NiO heterojunction through the interaction between liquid metal micro/nano droplets and an alkaline solution containing cupric sulfate and nickel nitrate, leading to the simultaneous formation of CuO and NiO. The morphology, elemental composition, chemical states, and crystallographic structure were comprehensively characterized with XPS, SEM, TEM, and XRD. The proposed mechanism for CuO and NiO formation on the LM interface involves the adsorption of [HGaO] species at the interface, which subsequently react with [Cu(NH)] and [Ni(NH)] complexes concurrently formed in an ammonia solution. This reaction leads to the in situ formation and growth of CuO and NiO nanosheets directly on the LM interface. Band gap analysis shows that the Ga-LM/CuO-NiO composite possesses a narrower band gap (4.74 eV) than the LM (5.64 eV) and LM/CuO (5.48 eV) composites. Finally, the photocatalytic performance was investigated in the degradation of methylene blue, showing an excellent degradation efficiency of 97.1% over the Ga-LM/CuO-NiO composite within 110 min under simulated sunlight. The photodegradation rate constant over the Ga-LM/CuO-NiO composite is 16.5 and 3.4 times higher than those over the LM and LM/CuO composite, respectively. The significant photocatalytic performance of the Ga-LM/CuO-NiO composite is attributed to the synergistic effect of its three components. The brilliant structural stability and reusability of the composite were also confirmed. This study not only introduces a novel synthetic route for Ga-LM-based functional composites but also underscores the immense potential of the reactive Ga-LM interface as a versatile platform for designing advanced materials with enhanced performance, particularly in photocatalytic applications. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/02/12
Wang WeichenWang BingxingXue FengXi JingwenJiang XiaoyingWang Jichao - Galactose, a monosaccharide, plays diverse biological roles in energy production, especially in the glycolysis and glycosylation of proteins and lipids. Galactose metabolism is mediated by the Leloir pathway, which comprises four key enzymes. Following lactose hydrolysis, galactose mutarotase (GALM) catalyzes the anomerization of β-D-galactose to α-D-galactose, providing a substrate for the downstream pathway. In 2019, GALM deficiency was defined as the fourth type of galactosemia. Affected individuals may develop cataracts similar to those observed in individuals with galactokinase deficiency, disrupting the subsequent steps in the Leloir pathway. However, cataracts generally occur less frequently and tend to be milder in patients with GALM deficiency, likely because of the partial compensation provided by spontaneous galactose mutarotation in aqueous solutions. Because lactose, the primary dietary source of galactose, is the predominant carbohydrate consumed until weaning, the timely initiation of lactose restriction can prevent or even reverse cataract formation. To date, other complications or adverse events, including those in heterozygous carriers of GALM variants, have not been clearly demonstrated. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge and findings of GALM deficiency on molecular mechanisms, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, carrier risk, and dietary management, with particular emphasis on cataract prevention and reversibility through early lactose restriction. By consolidating available evidence, we propose future research directions, with broader implications for newborn screening programs, clinical decision-making, and a deeper understanding of galactose metabolism. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/12/15
Wada YoichiAihara YuMikami-Saito YasukoSuzuki TomohisaFujiki RyojiOhara OsamuKikuchi AtsuoKure Shigeo