Ask about this productRelated genes to: ACO2 Blocking Peptide
- Gene:
- ACO2 NIH gene
- Name:
- aconitase 2
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- ACONM
- Chromosome:
- 22q13.2
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1986-01-01
- Date modifiied:
- 2015-12-01
Related products to: ACO2 Blocking Peptide
Related articles to: ACO2 Blocking Peptide
- Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration are a primary driver of global warming and are expected to be associated with more frequent droughts, greater temperatures, and increased vapour pressure deficit (VPD). These factors are all key drivers of tree mortality. While elevated CO2 (eCO2) enhances photosynthesis (Anet) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), its capacity to mitigate heat stress in mature trees under field conditions remains poorly understood. We investigated the effects of eCO2 on the physiological and growth responses of mature Quercus robur (~180 years old) at a forest Free Air Carbon Enrichment (FACE) experiment. We combined measurements of tree growth, canopy conductance and leaf gas exchange, together with leaf morphological traits, collected during a naturally occurring heat events (> 32°C), to assess whether eCO2 buffered the impacts of extreme heat events (>32°C). The leaf-level measurements also enabled us to determine whether the physiological enhancements previously observed during the early years of BIFoR FACE were maintained following prolonged exposure to elevated CO2. After eight years of CO2 enrichment (+ 150 ppm above ambient), eCO2-grown trees showed increased iWUE (+ 33 %), driven by increased Anet (+ 26.1 %) and modest reductions in stomatal conductance (- 11.1 %), with no significant changes in stomatal anatomy. Elevated CO2 increased the sensitivity of canopy-level conductance to VPD during heat events, indicating stronger stomatal regulation under high atmospheric demand in eCO2 compared to aCO2-grown trees. Heat stress reduced tree growth in both conditions, but the reduction was less pronounced under eCO2, suggesting partial mitigation of heat stress effects. These findings indicate that eCO2 can confer partial physiological buffering against heat stress in mature Q. robur, enhancing resilience without compromising structure. Shifts in water use highlight the importance of integrating CO2-climate interactions when predicting forest responses to future climate extremes. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/20
Gardner AnnaMacKenzie A RobAmjad Muhammad ShoaibKrause StefanLarsen JoshuaQuick SusanWijngaarden KlaskeGauthey Alice - Belowground carbon (C) allocation by trees particularly through root exudation is a key pathway influencing long-term C storage in forest soils. Future climate change scenarios, such as drought and elevated CO2 (eCO2) strongly affect trees' physiology and influence belowground C allocation. However, how the rate and chemical composition of root exudation change especially under the combined effect of drought and eCO2 remains poorly understood. We conducted an experiment to examine the single and combined effects of drought and eCO2 on the belowground C allocation of Pinus brutia saplings. Root exudates were collected, quantified, and metabolically profiled. Our results revealed that under eCO2, C assimilation increased up to 2.2-fold, increasing plant biomass while root exudation rate and composition remained unchanged under eCO2 compared to ambient CO2 (aCO2). Additionally, when trees were exposed to drought stress, root exudation rate increased 4.3-fold under aCO2, and up to 10.4-fold when combined with eCO2; however, overall, eCO2 had no effect on root exudation. Root starch reserves decreased under drought, whereas soluble sugars increased, with the largest increase under combined drought and eCO2. Further, drought altered exudate composition, increasing several metabolites, mainly phenolic acids (e.g., gallic acid and caffeic acid), amino acids and key osmoprotectants such as trehalose, proline and betaine. Overall, these observations show that pines strongly increased their root exudation under drought and that exudate metabolites shifted towards more specialized metabolites linked to stress metabolism. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/20
Obersteiner SophieOppenheimer-Shaanan YaaraKlein Tamir - Drought is a critical climatic constraint to coffee, but its interaction with enhanced atmospheric [CO] is highly relevant to the crop's sustainability under climate-change scenarios. We explored such interaction through the physiological and biochemical responses of 7-year-old potted plants of two genotypes: cv. Conilon Clone 153 (CL153) and cv. Icatu, grown under well-watered (WW) conditions at ambient [CO] (aCO, 380 µL L) or elevated [CO] (eCO, 700 µL L). Plants were gradually exposed to moderate (MWD) and severe (SWD) water deficits, reaching predawn water potentials (Ψ) between -1.6 and -2.2 MPa (MWD) or ≤ -3.7 MPa (SWD). Under aCO, both genotypes showed full resilience to MWD. Moreover, Icatu exhibited tolerance to SWD regardless of [CO], showing stable chronic photoinhibition (PI), chlorophyll (Chl) content, and moderate osmotic adjustment from MWD to SWD (mostly related to mannitol buildup). It also showed a broader coordinated response involving enhanced photoprotection (e.g., xanthophylls), the reconfiguration of photosystems (Chl (/) decline), and the lipid profile of chloroplast membranes (fatty-acid composition and degree of unsaturation). The latter involved both quantitative ( synthesis) and qualitative changes (unsaturation shift, mostly due to an increase in C18:3 and a decline in C16:0), along with an increased C16:1. Notably, eCO attenuated the declines in Ψ and cell turgor under MWD particularly in Icatu, thus preserving growth. As for CL153, several adverse impacts were found in SWD under aCO (PI, Chl loss, and membrane leakage), which were counteracted by eCO, highlighting its key role in the acquired resilience of this genotype. Collectively, these findings identify reliable traits underpinning the drought resilience of climate-resilient coffee cultivars. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/07/30
Semedo José NPais Isabel PLeitão António ERodrigues Ana PMarques IsabelSilva Maria JPartelli Fábio LLidon Fernando CDaMatta Fábio MRibeiro-Barros Ana IRamalho José C - Most spp. trees in China are cultivated in acidic soils with low soil organic matter and high Al. The mechanisms of humic acid (HA) to alleviate Al stress in plants remain unclear. 'Sour pummelo' ( (L.) Osbeck) seedlings were exposed to 0.5 (HA0.5), 0.1 (HA0.1), or 0 (HA0) mM sodium humate and 1.2 (Al1.2) or 0 (Al0) mM AlCl·6HO for 128 days. Thereafter, the research examined biomass; Al and mineral nutrients; leaf photosynthetic performance; and leaf and root nonstructural carbohydrates, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and related physiological parameters. Al1.2 significantly reduced whole plant dry weight (DW), root DW, leaf CO assimilation (A), and chlorophyll concentration by 61%, 45%, 61%, and 35%, respectively, at HA0, but only 48%, 17%, 44%, and 11%, respectively, at HA0.5. Further analysis suggested that the addition of HA endowed with Al resilience by the following several aspects: () lessened tissue (leaf, stem, and root) concentrations of Al and enhanced capacity to maintain macronutrient (S, K, Mg, Ca, N, and P) homeostasis at Al1.2; () improved capacity to combat oxidative stress at Al1.2; and () enhanced A and growth at Al1.2. Further analysis indicated that HA-mediated alleviation of growth decline caused by Al1.2 involved () reduced ability to absorb Al and less root-to-shoot Al transport and () increased ability to maintain macronutrient homeostasis and to combat oxidative stress; and that HA-mediated alleviation of leaf chlorophyll and A decline and photosynthetic electron transport chain impairment involved less leaf Al concentration and improved leaf macronutrient homeostasis. To conclude, the addition of HA lowered roots' ability to absorb Al and tissue Al concentration and subsequently mitigated Al-toxic impairment to root growth and function, thereby enhancing the ability of plants to maintain macronutrient homeostasis, and hence alleviating Al1.2-stimulated oxidative damage and inhibition of A and growth. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/07/31
Shen QianXia Tian-TianTong Liang-YuanLan Bin-BinHuang Wei-LinWu TiYe XinLai Ning-WeiChen Li-Song - Salinity fluctuations pose critical physiological challenges to the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. This review elucidated its molecular salinity response mechanisms, focusing on miRNA-mediated regulation and core pathways. We highlight a hierarchical network in which 8 key miRNAs fine-tune responses. let-7 targeted Solute Carrier Family 34 Member 2 (SLC34A2) and Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase (CTH), coordinating ion transport and amino acid metabolism, respectively. miR-10 targeted genes Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in energy homeostasis and TGF-Beta Activated Kinase 1 (MAP3K7) Binding Protein 1 (Table 1) to regulate MAPK/ERK signaling. miR-278-3p targeted 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2B (Htr2b) and Chloride Channel Accessory 1 (CLCA1) to modulate GPCR signaling and chloride transport. miR-2008, miR-3, miR-16, miR-22, and miR-14 coordinate vesicular trafficking, transcription, apoptosis, and autophagy via targeting Pleckstrin Homology Domain Containing A3 (PLEKHA3), Upstream Binding Transcription Factor (UBTF), ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 2 (ABCC2), Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (GALNT2), Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase 2 (Got2), Aconitase 2 (Aco2), and RNA Polymerase II Associated Protein 2 (Rpap2). Salinity sensing initiates GPCR-mediated cAMP/PKA and MAPK/ERK cascades, activating transcription factors (UBTF) to drive stress gene expression. Ion transporters (SLC family), ABC transporters, and vesicular transport maintain cellular homeostasis. Cullin Associated and Neddylation Dissociated 1 (CAND1)/Listerin E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (Ltn1) are involved in amino acid/protein metabolism and ubiquitinated proteins to participate in vesicular transport for protein sorting and secreting. These secreted molecules (Glyare/Taurine) act as ligands to bind membrane receptors and trigger GPCR pathways and energy metabolism and redox balance. Aco2/Got2/NAMPT supply ATP for adaptation and apoptosis/autophagy, repair damage and maintain homeostasis, alleviate oxidative damage, supported by innate immunity genes. These findings establish a framework for understanding sea cucumbers salinity adaption, further exploration of additional genes is needed to refine mechanistic details. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/10
Chen JunweiZhao YudiLi NanWang HuiWu XuesongWang BaichangWei XinChang YaqingTian Yi