Ask about this productRelated genes to: FMO3 Blocking Peptide
- Gene:
- FMO3 NIH gene
- Name:
- flavin containing monooxygenase 3
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- -
- Chromosome:
- 1q24.3
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1992-10-16
- Date modifiied:
- 2018-05-03
Related products to: FMO3 Blocking Peptide
Related articles to: FMO3 Blocking Peptide
- Progressive degeneration of the nervous system is a hallmark of neurological diseases. Recent research highlights gut microbiota metabolites like Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-derived from dietary betaine, carnitine, phosphatidylcholine, and choline-as key players. TMAO and its precursor TMA cross the blood-brain barrier, modulating behavior, neurogenesis, and brain development. Elevated TMAO promotes pro-inflammatory pathways, linking it to metabolic, vascular, and neurological risks. However, its role is complex with studies suggesting neuroprotective roles and variability influenced by diet, dysbiosis, renal function, and FMO3 genetics. Although preclinical and clinical data exhibit some variability, this very heterogeneity underscores our review's value in analyzing both the challenges and strengths of TMAO, providing a comprehensive overview. Therefore, this review summarizes the multifaceted role of TMAO in neurological disorders, the challenges to validation, and its promising potential as a dynamic biomarker. In conclusion, incorporating TMAO into multimarker panels places it at the forefront of precision neurology, transforming gut-brain axis research into tools for early screening, risk stratification, and intervention, before irreversible neurodegeneration. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/07
Arangia AlessiaPaola Rosanna DiCuzzocrea SalvatoreSiracusa RosalbaD'Amico RamonaImpellizzeri Daniela - Understanding oxidative metabolism of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) in humans is critical for toxicological risk assessment. Electrode-driven bioelectrocatalysis enables enzyme catalysis without added electron donors (e.g. NADPH), providing simplified in vitro models of xenobiotic metabolism. Here we report a tandem configuration of two sequential bioelectrodes that reproduces fenthion oxidation using immobilized human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (hFMO3) and cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19), two key hepatic enzymes involved in OPs detoxification. Glassy carbon electrodes were coated with dimethyldidodecylammonium bromide (DDAB) or DDAB-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-DDAB) to form stable enzyme films and promote direct electron transfer. AuNPs-DDAB dispersions displayed bimodal hydrodynamic diameter distribution (∼20 and 160 nm) and a positive ζ-potential across pH 2-9. Cyclic voltammetry showed reversible redox couples for both enzymes, higher currents on AuNPs-DDAB, and a positive midpoint shift for CYP2C19. hFMO3 bioelectrodes catalysed fenthion S‑oxygenation, and electrochemical titration gave K = 32.8 ± 6.3 μM, comparable to solution assays. Tandem chronoamperometry enabled sequential conversion of fenthion to sulfoxide by hFMO3 and further oxidation by CYP2C19 to sulfone and oxon sulfone. Overall, this sequential bioelectrodes system provides an electrochemically tunable route to map pesticide oxidation pathways and profile human-relevant metabolites without added NADPH or cytochrome P450 reductase. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/08
Dong ShimanDe Angelis MelissaCatucci GianlucaCesano FedericoMarucco AriannaGilardi GianfrancoSadeghi Sheila J - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic liver disease globally, characterized by steatosis, inflammation, and hepatocyte injury. While the Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3)-trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) axis is a known driver of atherosclerosis, its role in NAFLD progression remains unclear. Here, we report that FMO3 is significantly upregulated in the livers of choline-deficient, high-fat diet (CDA-HFD)-induced NAFLD mice, as revealed by transcriptomic profiling and validation. Mechanistically, FMO3 overexpression exacerbated lipid accumulation and inflammatory cytokine release in vitro, while its metabolite TMAO directly aggravated hepatic steatosis and inflammation in vivo. Notably, the natural compound 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) significantly attenuated NAFLD phenotypes, including serum ALT/AST levels and hepatic lipid content; however, these protective effects were reversed by exogenous TMAO supplementation. These findings identify the FMO3-TMAO axis as a critical target for regulating lipid homeostasis and inflammation, suggesting DIM as a promising therapeutic candidate for NAFLD intervention. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/03/18
Chen RunshengLiu HuaYang TinfengJiang ZhonghaoHe ZeyuZhang XinpengQian BaolinFu Wenguang - Indigo is an important blue pigment widely used in textile, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, most of indigo was produced via chemical synthesis, which led to pollution to the environment and potential health hazards to consumers. Thus, biological synthesis of indigo attracts increasing attention. Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) is an important enzyme for production of indigo from indole, however, only five indigo-producing FMOs have been identified. In this study, a novel indigo-producing FMO from Pseudomonas guineae was successfully screened from seven candidates. The recombinant enzyme was comprehensively studied regarding its expression, purification, and identification. The purified enzyme had two absorbance peaks at 360 and 442 nm, indicating the binding of cofactors. It showed the highest activity at pH 8.0 and 20 °C. The K, V, k, and k/K were 2.5 mM, 2.9 × 10 mM/min, 0.027 s, and 0.011 mM s, respectively. The in vivo indigo production of P. guineae FMO was evaluated by metabolically engineered E. coli BL21(DE3). After deleting the competitive genes, strengthening the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway, and optimizing indole transportation, indigo was effectively produced with a titer of 260 mg/L by shake-flask cultivation. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/02/20
Hao ZhebinZhang YuleiZhang WenliZhu YingyingMu Wanmeng - Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is a key metabolic enzyme involved in endogenous metabolism; however, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the expression pattern, biological function, and potential clinical relevance of FMO3 in CRC. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/02/21
Su RongHuang CuncunJing ZheQiu ShupingShao LihuaJiao TinghongWang HongweiLi Hailong