ARL6IP2 Blocking Peptide
- Known as:
- ARL6IP2 Blocking Peptide
- Catalog number:
- 33r-5950
- Product Quantity:
- USD
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- Fitzgerald industries international
- Gene target:
- ARL6IP2 Blocking Peptide
Related genes to: ARL6IP2 Blocking Peptide
- Gene:
- ATL2 NIH gene
- Name:
- atlastin GTPase 2
- Previous symbol:
- ARL6IP2
- Synonyms:
- -
- Chromosome:
- 2p22.2-p22.1
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2004-01-21
- Date modifiied:
- 2018-02-13
Related products to: ARL6IP2 Blocking Peptide
Related articles to: ARL6IP2 Blocking Peptide
- Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) is a multipartite nanovirus (family Nanoviridae) that poses a significant threat to legume crops worldwide. Its genome encodes various viral proteins that promote infection, systemic spread, and vector transmission. This study evaluated the interaction dynamics between the sucrose non-fermenting 1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) and eight key FBNYV proteins using in silico docking analysis. All the viral proteins bound to SnRK1 with notable affinity; however, the nuclear shuttle protein encoded by DNA-N showed the strongest binding affinity to SnRK1, revealing that it may modulate host energy signaling. Alongside the computational results, we performed quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of SnRK1 in faba bean plants inoculated with FBNYV using varying concentrations of the viral DNA-N segment. SnRK1 transcript levels were elevated in infections with higher DNA-N dosage, revealing a host response aimed at curbing viral replication. The expression profiles of key plant defense-related genes (WRKY33, bZIP11, AGO2, ATG8, ATL2, and MKS1) were also assessed. Notably, genes related to stress and immune signaling (such as WRKY33, bZIP11, and ATG8) were induced, whereas the RNA-silencing gene AGO2 was suppressed. These findings improve our understanding of host-virus interactions in faba beans and highlight the dual role of SnRK1 in metabolic regulation and antiviral defense. Overall, this study provides a strong molecular foundation for enhancing resistance to FBNYV. IMPORTANCE: Considering the critical role of SnRK1 in plant stress responses and antiviral defense, this study used in silico approaches to identify FBNYV proteins that interact with SnRK1 and to infer the potential impacts on host immunity. Similar to geminiviruses, nanoviruses are circular DNA viruses that rely on the cellular machinery for replication and spread. Although previous research on the antiviral functions of SnRK1 has predominantly focused on geminivirus infections, the parallels between geminivirus and nanovirus host interactions show that SnRK1 could play a comparable defensive role against nanoviruses like FBNYV. By investigating the interaction of SnRK1 with FBNYV proteins and monitoring related defense gene expression, our work provides insight into how this host kinase may contribute to resistance. Ultimately, understanding this relationship may facilitate the development of virus-resistant faba bean varieties through targeted breeding or biotechnological approaches. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/01/09
Qureshi Muhammad AmirJeyaraj GnanaprakashNawaz-Ul-Rehman M SKil Eui-JoonLal AamirVo Thuy T BNattanong BupiTabassum MarjiaIm HyojinLee Taek-KyunGeetanjali A SwapnaLee Sukchan - Flaviviruses (genus ) are arthropod-borne viruses which cause approximately 400 million annual global infections in humans. Flavivirus infection requires cellular machinery to facilitate replication and spread. All known flaviviruses replicate in association with the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where genome replication is confined within virus-induced ER invaginations called viral replication organelles (vROs). Despite the central role of these structures during flavivirus infection, the mechanisms underlying vRO biogenesis remain undefined - particularly the membrane rearrangements required for their formation. In this work, we report a conserved role for a cellular ER remodeling protein, atlastin-2 (ATL2), in the organization of vROs within infected cells. Using confocal and electron microscopy, we show that ATL2 depletion leads to a reduction in vRO spatial distribution in flavivirus-infected cells. Changes in vRO distribution corresponded with a decrease in virus production and robust induction of innate immune responses. We also demonstrate that ATL2 accumulates in areas of vRO formation during flavivirus infection. Critically, mutational analysis showed that a tethering-competent but fusion-defective ATL2 mutant was sufficient to rescue DENV and ZIKV replication in ATL2-knockout cells. Finally, inhibition of ATL2 activity using synthetic peptides significantly reduced DENV replication in both immortalized and human primary cells, suggesting a possible avenue for targeting host ER functions to limit flavivirus replication. Taken together, these results show that membrane tethering plays a critical and conserved role in flavivirus infection, functioning to organize membranes for vRO biogenesis and limit cellular immune activation. Importantly, we provide evidence that ATL2-mediated membrane organization can be targeted to inhibit viral replication. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/11/27
Owen Jonathan EinterzBemis Cheyanne LeeWang QingyiVaradan Ambarish CVander Velden Jacob WAndačić LauraUyar OlusGupta MansiScharer Christopher DChatel-Chaix LaurentScaturro PietroSuthar Mehul SNeufeldt Christopher J - Many cutaneous adnexal tumors share molecular alterations with other homologous neoplasms occurring in salivary glands. Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is a rare salivary gland tumor, usually associated with alterations in the PRKD gene family. In this report, we describe a primary cutaneous sweat gland adenocarcinoma of the scalp occurring in a 65-year-old female. Morphological features of the carcinoma were reminiscent of salivary gland PAC. Tumor cells were CK7+ S100+ SOX10+ p63 focally positive and p40-. Whole-transcriptome sequencing of the lesion showed the presence of an in-frame ATL2::PRKD3 fusion. PRKD1, 2 or 3 fusions are characteristic of the cribriform subtype of PAC (cribriform adenocarcinoma of salivary gland, CASG). No past history of salivary gland tumor nor existing salivary gland tumor was retrieved in the patient. After complete excision of the tumor, the patient has been in complete remission for 17 months. This case suggests that a subset of adnexal adenocarcinomas of not otherwise specified type (NOS) may carry PRKD alteration and may constitute the cutaneous counterpart of salivary gland PAC/CASG. This finding argues in favor of a more systematic molecular exploration of adnexal adenocarcinomas NOS for better classification and prognosis. - Source: PubMed
Brunet AnaïsBaroudjian BarouyrMancini MaxenceJouenne FanélieLouveau BaptisteMoulonguet IsabelleOsio AmélieMourah SamiaBattistella Maxime - Atlastins (ATLs) are integral dynamin-like GTPases that are critical for the formation and maintenance of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network, one of the most complex and essential organelles in eukaryotic cells. The ER, which is composed of interconnected tubules and sheets, serves vital functions, including calcium storage, protein and lipid synthesis, and inter-organelle communication. Homotypic membrane fusion, mediated by ATLs, ensures the tubular structure of the ER by generating and stabilizing three-way junctions. Humans express three ATL paralogs, called ATL1, ATL2, and ATL3, which have distinct expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms. Mutations in these proteins are linked to hereditary sensory neuropathies and hereditary spastic paraplegia, highlighting their critical importance in cellular and neuronal health. Here, we review recent studies providing insights into how ATLs are regulated by their N- and C-terminal extensions, as well as how extrinsic factors potentially regulate the activities of ATLs to establish and maintain the normal ER structure. - Source: PubMed
Jang EunhongJun Youngsoo - Copper (Cu) is a pervasive element utilized in economic animal production. However, overuse can have toxic effects on animals and threaten public food safety. To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying Cu-induced nephrotoxicity, an in-depth analysis was conducted on the effects of Cu on the renal endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) system. In the course of this experiment, one-day-old chicks were fed diets comprising Cu levels (11, 110, 220 and 330 mg/kg) for 49 days. Our findings indicate that an excess of Cu may result in oxidative stress, which may then induce tissue damage within the kidney. Furthermore, the experimental results indicated that elevated Cu levels may disrupt to the ERQC system in chicken kidneys. The mRNA levels of GRP78, GRP94, ATF4, IRE1, and XBP1, as well as the protein levels of GRP78, GRP94, IRE1, XBP1, and CHOP, were markedly elevated in all treatment groups relative to the control group. Conversely, the mRNA and protein levels of eIF2α and ATF6 exhibited a notable decline with the increase in Cu levels. Similarly, RTN3, ATL1, and ATL2 mRNA levels as well as RTN3 and ATL3 protein levels exhibited a notable elevation in conjunction with an appreciable decline in FAM134B and SEC62 mRNA and protein levels, respectively, as Cu levels increased. Furthermore, bioinformatics analyses indicated a correlation between oxidative damage and ERQC markers. The above results suggest that Cu-induced oxidative damage may injure to chicken kidneys via disturbances in the ERQC system. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/05/22
Ma FeiyangWang MengranZhong GaolongLiao JianzhaoHuo YihuiWang ZekaiHe Shaojun