Ask about this productRelated genes to: RXRA Blocking Peptide
- Gene:
- RXRA NIH gene
- Name:
- retinoid X receptor alpha
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- NR2B1
- Chromosome:
- 9q34.2
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1991-11-14
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
Related products to: RXRA Blocking Peptide
Related articles to: RXRA Blocking Peptide
- Gouteng is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used for the clinical treatment of epilepsy, yet the specific mechanism underlying its antiepileptic has not been elucidated. Network pharmacology, bioinformatics, machine learning, molecular docking, MD simulation, and ADMET druggability analysis were performed to systematically elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanism of Gouteng against epilepsy. The results showed that 29 active components of Gouteng collectively regulated 661 potential antiepileptic targets. Through screening with machine learning-based disease diagnostic model, MDM2 and PPARG as the core target genes mediating the antiepileptic effect of Gouteng were finally identified. Immune infiltration analysis confirmed that MDM2 and PPARG synergistically reshape the immune microenvironment of epileptic lesions, restrain excessive inflammatory responses, and maintain immune homeostasis and tolerance. Molecular docking and MD simulation revealed that the four core active components, namely Angustidine, Rhynchophylline A, vincoside lactam_qt, and coryincine, target the hydrophobic pocket of MDM2, with non-polar interactions serving as the primary driving factor for their interactions. ADMET analysis indicated that vincoside lactam_qt and coryincine exhibit favorable oral bioavailability, excellent blood-brain barrier permeability, and low hepatotoxicity, which make them potential antiepileptic candidate drugs with clinical translational potential. Most importantly, Gouteng exerts antiepileptic effects by targeting and regulating the dual MDM2-MDM4/TP53 and PPARG-NCOA1/RXRA regulatory axes, thereby mediating neuroinflammation inhibition and neuronal protection. Furthermore, TFAP2C as a common upstream transcription factor of both MDM2 and PPARG was identified. This study provides theoretical basis for the development of novel MDM2/PPARG-targeted antiepileptic drugs and for the clinical application of Gouteng. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/10
Zhang Hong-QuanChen LinYuan Xian-JunLuo Yao-XueDuan Li-XinLin Ya-QiWang Rui-Ge - Fat deposition determines beef marbling grade and meat quality, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of bovine PPARD in lipid deposition, especially its effect on the expression of fatty acid transport genes (, , and ) and the lipid droplet-associated gene () in liver tissues from cattle with different marbling grades. The mRNA abundance and protein levels in liver tissues from thirty-one Wagyu × Angus crossbred beef cattle (25-26 months old) with different marbling grades (according to GB/T 29392-2022, based on the marbling richness of the longissimus dorsi muscle at the 12th-13th rib interface) were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Additionally, was knocked down and overexpressed in bovine mammary epithelial cells to validate its effects on lipid-metabolism-related genes. The results showed that the mRNA levels of , , , , , and were significantly higher ( < 0.01) in livers tissues from the A3 and A4 groups (high marbling) than in those from the A1 and A2 groups (low to moderate marbling). Western blot analysis revealed significantly higher PPARD protein expression in the A3 and A4 groups (high marbling) than that in the A1 and A2 groups (low to moderate marbling) ( < 0.05). It should be noted that the sample size of Group A4 is only 2, and the results of this group should be considered as a preliminary trend that needs to be validated with larger sample sizes. Cellular experiments confirmed that knockdown significantly decreased mRNA expressions of , , and ( < 0.01), while overexpression significantly increased their mRNA levels ( < 0.05). These results indicate a positive correlation between PPARD expression and the transcriptional levels of genes involved in fatty acid transport and lipid droplet storage, suggesting that PPARD may be associated with hepatic lipid metabolism and potentially contribute to marbling development. These findings suggest that the PPARD signaling pathway contributes to hepatic lipid deposition and may play a role in marbling formation in beef cattle. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/07/06
Wang KaiyouWang QiWang QinyuTian ShuaiyingQi YingZhang LinXing BaokuiTuliguer Li Qiuling - Sleep disturbance, affecting up to 62% of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (CT), contributes to chemoresistance and tumor progression. However, the underlying mechanisms and potential interventions remain poorly defined. While Si Ni Powder (SNP) is known for its sleep-improving properties, its ability to mitigate CT resistance induced by sleep deprivation (SD) is unexplored. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether SNP could improve sleep, enhance the efficacy of doxorubicin (Dox) under SD conditions, and modulate tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/27
Jia HeyuanChen YingCheng HaoYao SuruiWang QingwenQian MengyuanGe CunHuang ZhaohuiChen Yanyan - Food-responsive enteropathy (FRE) is a common form of chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs. Its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. Increasing evidence from human studies and emerging canine data suggests that bile acids (BAs) influence intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Duodenal mucosal biopsies from dogs with FRE ( = 8) and healthy controls ( = 4) were analyzed by bulk RNA sequencing. Differential expression analysis (DESeq2), KEGG and Reactome pathway enrichment, and GSEA were performed with a specific focus on BA transport, sensing, and metabolic pathways. FRE samples showed a distinct BA-associated transcriptional signature, including a non-significant decreasing trend of the BA receptor NR1H4 (FXR) expression (padj = 0.057), and significant upregulation of the nuclear receptor RXRA, together with increased expression of downstream mediators NR0B2 (SHP) and FGF19. BA transport components such as SLC51A (OSTα) and ABCC3 (MRP3) were differentially regulated, and the BA-synthetic enzyme HSD3B7 was increased. Bile secretion was among the top enriched KEGG pathways (ranked 9th; NES = 1.935; padj = 0.005). This study provides, to our knowledge, the first focused mucosal transcriptomic evidence of coordinated BA-axis alterations in canine FRE. The findings align with mechanisms described in human inflammatory bowel disease and support further investigation of bile acid signaling in canine chronic enteropathy. Findings should be interpreted as exploratory due to cohort heterogeneity. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/11
Mózes BorbálaKiss GergelyFóthi ÁbelFerenczi SzilamérPsáder Roland - HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain prevalent in people with HIV (PWH) despite effective antiretroviral therapy, suggesting that persistent immune activation contributes to ongoing neurological dysfunction. Maladaptive trained immunity (TRIM), long-term innate immune reprogramming characterized by sustained inflammatory responses, metabolic rewiring, and epigenetic remodeling, has been proposed as a sustaining mechanism. We performed single-nucleus RNA-seq and ATAC-seq on post-mortem brain from PWH with HIV-associated dementia (HAD) or asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI) and compared these data with published HIV-uninfected (PWoH) datasets. In PWH versus PWoH, glia, led by microglia, showed enrichment of innate immune signaling and upregulation of inflammatory mediators including NLRP3, TLR2, and TLR4. In parallel, glia showed coordinated cholesterol remodeling, with efflux transporter and apolipoprotein upregulation alongside LDLR downregulation, and partial microglial glycolytic reprogramming (PFKFB3, HK2, PGK1 upregulation). Chromatin accessibility profiling showed concordant gains at inflammatory, cholesterol regulatory (notably RXRA and APOE), and glycolytic loci. The HAD versus ANI comparison revealed selective reorganization rather than uniform amplification, with increased lipid scavenger receptor accessibility in oligodendrocytes and reduced accessibility at cholesterol efflux and glycolytic loci. Neurons exhibited predominantly bystander epigenetic changes. Three features distinguish this pattern from chronic inflammation alone and align it with trained immunity hallmarks: concordant transcriptional and chromatin-level priming at inflammatory loci, parallel rewiring of glycolytic and cholesterol metabolism, and persistence despite long-term viral suppression. These multiomic data are consistent with maladaptive trained immunity sustaining neuroinflammation in HAND, though functional validation is required. - Source: PubMed
Martinez SieraHorvath AneliaJohnson LukePushkarsky TatianaDubrovsky LarisaStarosyla DariaBastin AshleySviridov DmitriBukrinsky Michael