Ask about this productRelated genes to: GGT2 Blocking Peptide
- Gene:
- GGT2 NIH gene
- Name:
- gamma-glutamyltransferase 2
- Previous symbol:
- GGT
- Synonyms:
- -
- Chromosome:
- 22q11.21
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1989-06-30
- Date modifiied:
- 2018-11-15
Related products to: GGT2 Blocking Peptide
Related articles to: GGT2 Blocking Peptide
- Current research on glial cells has primarily focused on central nervous system glial cells (CNS glia), with relatively fewer studies on EGCs. Given the critical role of EGCs in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and neural function, this study aimed to investigate their immunomodulatory effects under inflammatory conditions. Primary EGCs were isolated and an inflammatory model was established by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Following LPS induction, cellular samples were collected for transcriptomic analysis to identify differentially expressed genes. The analysis revealed that 88 genes were significantly altered, with 60 upregulated and 28 downregulated. Through Gene Ontology (GO) classification, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway mapping, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, several key regulatory genes were identified: chemokine-related genes (, , , , and ); negative feedback regulation-related genes ( and ); homeostasis-maintaining genes ( and ); and arachidonic acid metabolism-related genes ( and ). Under LPS stimulation without impairing EGC viability, EGCs may recruit immune cells by regulating the aforementioned genes. Additionally, arachidonic acid and its metabolites likely play important regulatory roles in EGC-mediated immunomodulation. These findings provide new theoretical insights and potential targets for further elucidating the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation and developing targeted therapies. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/01/25
Chen JieZhang WenxiangTian XingxingZhang FengXu Chunsheng - (Nm) and (Ng) are human pathogens that sometimes occupy the same anatomical niche. Ng, the causative agent of gonorrhea, infects 87 million individuals annually worldwide and is an urgent threat due to increasing drug resistance. Ng is a pathogen of the urogenital tract and may infect the oropharyngeal or rectal site, often asymptomatically. Conversely, Nm is an opportunistic pathogen. While often a commensal in the oropharyngeal tract, it is also the leading cause of bacterial meningitis with 1.2 million cases globally, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is likely to occur between Ng and Nm due to their shared anatomical niches and genetic similarity, which poses challenges for accurate detection and treatment. Routine surveillance through the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project and Strengthening the U.S. Response to Resistant Gonorrhea detected six concerning urogenital isolates with contradicting species identification in Milwaukee (MIL). While all six isolates were positive for Ng using nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight identified the isolates as Ng, two biochemical tests, Gonochek-II and API NH, classified them as Nm. To address this discrepancy, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using Illumina MiSeq on all isolates and employed various bioinformatics tools. Species detection analysis using BMScan, which uses WGS data, identified all isolates as Ng. Furthermore, Kraken revealed over 98% of WGS reads mapped to the Ng genome and <1% to Nm. Recombination analysis identified putative HGT in all MIL isolates within the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase () gene, a key component in the biochemical tests used to differentiate between Nm and Ng. Further analysis identified Nm as the source of HGT event. Specifically, the active Nm gene replaced the Ng pseudogenes, and . Together, this study demonstrates that closely related species sharing a niche underwent HGT, which led to the misidentification of species following biochemical testing. Importantly, NAAT accurately detected Ng. The misidentification highlights the importance of using WGS to continually evaluate diagnostic or bacterial identification tests. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2024/10/03
Smith Amanda CShrivastava ApurvaCartee John CBélanger MyriamSharpe SameraLewis JordenBudionno SuzannaGomez RaquelKhubbar Manjeet K Pham Cau DGernert Kim MSchmerer Matthew WRaphael Brian HLearner Emily RKersh Ellen NJoseph Sandeep J - The cell surface of is covered by a thick capsular polysaccharide. The capsule is the most important virulence factor of ; however, the complete mechanism of its biosynthesis is unknown. The capsule is composed of glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) and glucuronoxylomannogalactan (GXMGal). As GXM is the most abundant component of the capsule, many studies have focused on GXM biosynthesis. However, although GXMGal has an important role in virulence, studies on its biosynthesis are scarce. Herein, we have identified a GT31 family β-(1 → 3)-galactosyltransferase Ggt2, which is involved in the biosynthesis of the galactomannan side chain of GXMGal. Comparative analysis of GXMGal produced by a disruption strain revealed that Ggt2 is a glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the initial reaction in the synthesis of the galactomannan side chain of GXMGal. The disruption strain showed a temperature-sensitive phenotype at 37°C, indicating that the galactomannan side chain of GXMGal is important for high-temperature stress tolerance in . Our findings provide insights into complex capsule biosynthesis in . - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2024/05/22
Kadooka ChihiroTanaka YutakaHira DaisukeOka Takuji - Endometrial cancer (EC) as one of the most common gynecologic malignancies is increasing in incidence during the past 10 years. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) extended to metabolic and protein phenotypes inspired us to employ multiomics methods to analyze the causal relationships of plasma metabolites and proteins with EC to advance our understanding of EC biology and pave the way for more targeted approaches to its diagnosis and treatment by comparing the molecular profiles of different EC subtypes. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2024/09/01
Shen YufeiTian YanDing JiashanChen ZhuoZhao RongLu YingnanLi LuciaZhang HuiWu HaiyueLi XiZhang Yu - - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2024/03/05
Sam Khin MSchneider Hans-GerhardChoy Kay WengLam Que T