Ask about this productRelated genes to: AKR1C2 Blocking Peptide
- Gene:
- AKR1C2 NIH gene
- Name:
- aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2
- Previous symbol:
- DDH2, TDD
- Synonyms:
- DD, BABP, DD2, HAKRD, MCDR2
- Chromosome:
- 10p15.1
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1994-09-14
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
Related products to: AKR1C2 Blocking Peptide
Related articles to: AKR1C2 Blocking Peptide
- The diesel exhaust constituent 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) is classified as a probable human carcinogen and other constituents 1,8-dinitropyrene (1,8-DNP) and 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) are classified as possible human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. These nitroarenes are activated by nitroreduction via nitroso- and hydroxylamino- intermediates on route to the corresponding amine product(s). Two types of DNA adduct can occur in this sequence. First, the hydroxylamino- intermediate can undergo sulphonation or acetylation giving rise to a strong leaving group so that stable covalent adducts can form. Second, back oxidation of these air sensitive intermediates can give rise to reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) so that oxidatively damaged bases can form. Human aldo-keto reductases AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 play prominent roles in the nitroreduction of these nitroarenes in human lung cell lines. We now report that when AKR1C1-AKR1C3 are transfected into V79-4 cells we observe a significant increase in HPRT gene mutation. The mutation is dependent on AKR1C enzyme activity since isoform specific inhibitors reduced the number of mutant colonies formed. ROS scavengers reduced the number of mutant colonies formed with 1-NP, 1-8-DNP and 3-NBA in the presence of transfected AKR1C1. Ethyl gallate and the superoxide dismutase mimetic (MnTBAP) reduced the number of mutant colonies formed. Nitric oxide scavengers, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1H-imidazoyl-1-oxy-3-oxide and uric acid, also reduced the number of mutant colonies formed. Our results suggest that both 8-oxo-dG and 8-nitro-dG lesions may contribute to the mutation observed. Since AKR1C1-AKR1C3 are potently induced by NRF2, its activation might increase the mutagenicity of nitroarenes in the context of diesel exhaust exposure. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/17
Su Anthony LMarques Cátia FEl-Bayoumy KaramPenning Trevor M - The clinical utility of integrated proteogenomic biomarkers for predicting chemotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer remains underexplored. We prospectively analyzed paired baseline and post-treatment tumor samples from 50 patients with stage II-III TNBC treated with anthracycline- and taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, integrating whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, global proteomics, and phosphoproteomics. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/14
Lee Dong KiKim Min HwanHwang YumiKim Seul-GiRyu Won-JiKim Geon-UkYun Hyun MyoungPark ShinyoungLee Jeong DongHan Hyun JuKim Gun MinKim Kyung-HeePark Jong BaeKim Min JungKoo Ja SeungKim Jee YePark Hyung SeokKim Seung IlGee Heon YungPark SehoSohn Joohyuk - There is a need for novel therapies for diabetic retinopathy (DR) because existing therapies treat only certain features of DR and do not work optimally for all patients. While proteomic studies provide insight into disease pathobiology, they are often limited to small sample sizes due to high costs, limiting their generalizability and reproducibility. Moreover, they often yield lists of tens to hundreds of proteins with differential expression, making it difficult to prioritize the most biologically relevant biomarkers beyond using arbitrary fold-change and false-detection rate cutoffs. Here, we applied a two-stage multimodal AI approach: first, we integrated EHR and proteomics data to rationally prioritize candidate protein biomarkers and, next, validated these biomarkers in an independent cohort. These protein biomarkers of DR are rooted in the EHR data and thereby more likely to be biological drivers of disease. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/02/24
Lin Jonathan BMataraso Samson JChadha MadhumeetaVelez GabrielMruthyunjaya PrithviAghaeepour NimaMahajan Vinit B - Primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe stroke subtype characterized by high mortality and disability rates, largely attributable to secondary brain injury (SBI). While programmed cell death (PCD) pathways contribute to SBI, their mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This research investigated PANoptosis, a newly defined integrated PCD pathway, and its interactions with immune responses in ICH. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/03/06
Chen ZhaohuiZhang XueyuanDeng ZhichengLuo JialiHan ChunyangWeng Yinlun - This study aimed to investigate the association of the AKR1C2-I4-sv245 polymorphism in the aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 (AKR1C2) gene with litter size in Xiang pigs. Polymorphism analysis demonstrated that the "ID" genotype was dominant in Xiang pigs, while "D" was the dominant allele. The DD genotype was most common in high-fertility Xiang pigs (XL), while the ID genotype was predominant in low-fertility Xiang pigs (XS). The association analysis results indicated that the litter size of the XL group in Xiang pigs was significantly higher than that of the XS group across all parity levels (P < 0.05). A significant association was observed between the AKR1C2-I4-sv245 polymorphism and the litter size in Xiang sows (P < 0.01), with the DD genotype exhibiting a higher litter size than the ID and II genotypes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the deleted segment contained a short interspersed element (SINE), three exon splicing enhancers, four intron splicing enhancers, and other regulatory elements associated with gene expression. Transfection of HEK-293T cells with the EGFP reporter gene confirmed the inhibitory effect of the SINE on transcription, demonstrating that its insertion significantly repressed reporter gene expression. Relative expression analysis showed that AKR1C2 mRNA and protein levels were higher in the DD genotype compared to the II genotype and in the ID genotype compared to the II genotype. Collectively, these results substantiated the regulatory role of SINE in gene expression and highlighted the potential of AKR1C2-I4-sv245 as a promising DNA marker for improving litter size in Xiang pigs. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/02/28
Wang LanChen XiaGuo MingchuanQi FenfangLi JianLiu YaxueNiu XiWang QiangRan XueqinWang Jiafu