Ask about this productRelated genes to: RHBG Blocking Peptide
- Gene:
- RHBG NIH gene
- Name:
- Rh family B glycoprotein (gene/pseudogene)
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- SLC42A2
- Chromosome:
- 1q22
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2001-05-08
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-01-13
Related products to: RHBG Blocking Peptide
Related articles to: RHBG Blocking Peptide
- This study investigated the role of the Rhesus (Rh) gene family in the adaptation to high alkalinity in Gymnocypris eckloni. We employed bioinformatic analysis of the Rh gene family based on G. eckloni genome data, along with alkalinity stress experiments and gene expression analysis. The results revealed that the Rh gene family in G. eckloni comprises seven members, encoding proteins ranging from 425 to 489 amino acids. Analyses of the motifs, domains, and gene structure all indicated high conservation among family members, albeit with considerable variation in gene structure. Chromosomal localization showed that the Rh genes were distributed across six chromosomes. Predictions of subcellular localization and transmembrane helices confirmed that Rh glycoproteins are transmembrane proteins containing 9-12 transmembrane helices. Under carbonate alkalinity stress, blood ammonia levels in G. eckloni gradually increased and then declined after 48 h of exposure. Gene expression studies demonstrated significant upregulation of Rhag, Rhbg, and Rhcg2a in gill tissue and Rhbg, Rhcg2a, and Rhcg2b in skin tissue after stress exposure. In the kidney, Rhag and Rhcg1 were significantly upregulated, with Rhd exhibiting the highest expression levels. In contrast, liver gene expression was generally low, with only Rhcg2a and Rhcg2b showing significant upregulation after prolonged, high-concentration stress exposure. Western blot analysis of selected Rh proteins (Rhag, Rhbg, Rhcg) in the gill, skin, and kidney revealed that their expression was upregulated following alkalinity stress, largely consistent with the trends observed at the transcript level. This further elucidated the tissue-specific roles of Rh gene family members in ammonia transport: in gill tissue, Rhag, Rhbg, Rhcg1, and Rhcg2a coordinately participate in the ammonia excretion process; in skin tissue, ammonia excretion is primarily mediated by Rhbg, Rhcg2a, and Rhcg2b; in kidney tissue, Rhcg1 plays a key role, and this process may be independent of Rhbg. In contrast, the liver plays a relatively limited role in ammonia excretion. Based on gene expression data, Rhd appears unrelated to ammonia excretion. Although the expression trends of Rh50 (transcript level) paralleled those of Rhag across tissues, its specific function requires further investigation.. This study reveals the expression patterns and suggests potential roles of Rh gene family members in ammonia transport in G. eckloni, providing a preliminary scientific basis for further functional studies and the conservation of this species. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/27
Guo ShouquanLiu DanZhang CunfangNie MiaomiaoYao ZhanwenLi YingTian FeiQi DelinXia Mingzhe - Chronic kidney disease (CKD) imposes a substantial health burden globally, with emerging evidence pointing to the significance of metabolic acidosis and low urinary NH excretion resulting in poor CKD outcomes. The present study aims to identify in CKD patients, loss of function mutations in RhBG, one of the NH/NH transporters in the collecting duct, and to show that NH/NH transport is impaired by these mutations. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of RhBG associated with CKD occurrence were identified using ancestry-stratified data from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study. Functional analysis of NH/NH transport was conducted in Xenopus oocytes expressing RhBG protein or mutants. NH and NH transport was evaluated by electrophysiological measurements, including whole cell current, surface pH and intracellular pH. Our study identified six critical RhBG mutations associated with CKD. G86S and G86C inhibited the transport of NH; mutations G148R and G148W completely blocked transport of NH and NH , whereas T250A and T250S only inhibited NH transport. Mutation T250M completely inhibited transport of both NH and NH . Our study identified critical rare non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in RhBG associated with CKD and elucidated the impact of these variants on NH/NH transport. These data are crucial to our understanding of how mutations can disrupt NH/NH transport, potentially affecting kidney function in CKD patients susceptible to acidosis. KEY POINTS: Acidosis and low urinary ammonium excretion contribute to poor outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigates how the function of an ammonia transporter in renal collecting duct (RhBG) may contribute to CKD. Here, we report six rare RhBG mutations associated with CKD, identified using data from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study. Using electrophysiological measurements, functional analysis in Xenopus oocytes showed that these RhBG mutations disrupt ammonia transport, with some mutations affecting only NH transport, whereas others affect both NH and NH transport. The results suggest that impaired ammonia transport by RhBG contributes to CKD, highlighting the need to understand mechanisms that link function (NH/NH and acid-base regulation) and genetic predisposition to CKD. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/02/11
Zhou HeAbdulnour-Nakhoul SolangeHamm L LeeNakhoul Nazih L - The deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems are among one of the most unusual ecosystems on Earth, where most megafauna form close symbiotic associations with chemosynthetic microbes to obtain nutrition and shelter from the toxic environment. Despite the diverse forms of symbiotic organs in these deep-sea holobionts, the function and development of bacteriocytes, the host cells harboring symbionts, are still largely uncharacterized. Here, we have conducted the in situ decolonization assay and state-of-the-art single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics to reveal the function and development of deep-sea mussel bacteriocytes. The bacteriocytes appear to optimize immune processes to facilitate recognition, engulfment, and elimination of endosymbionts. They also interact directly with them in carbohydrate and ammonia metabolism by exchanging metabolic intermediates via transporters such as SLC37A2 and RHBG-A. Bacteriocytes arise from three different proliferating cell types, and their successive development trajectory was delineated by multi-omics data and 3D reconstruction analyses. The molecular functions and the developmental processes of bacteriocytes were found to be guided by the same set of molluscan-conserved transcription factors and may be influenced by endosymbionts through sterol metabolism. The coordination in the functions and development of bacteriocytes and between the host and symbionts highlights the phenotypic plasticity of symbiotic cells, and underpins host-symbiont interdependence in adaptation to the deep sea. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/11/25
Chen HaoLi MengnaZhong ZhaoshanSeim IngeWang MinxiaoLian ChaoZhuo LianhongWan XinjiangWang HaoHan GuanghuiZhou LiZhang HuanCao LeiLi Chaolun - Renal Rhesus type B glycoprotein (Rhbg) is a glycosylated mammalian NH/NH transporter expressed in α-intercalated cells of the collecting duct. Carbonic anhydrase-IV (CA-IV) is also expressed in the mammalian kidney, where it catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO. This study aims to demonstrate: ) whether Rhbg and CA-IV proteins physically interact; and ) if this interaction functionally affects transport of NH/NH and possibly CO. We measured transport of NH, NH, and CO in four groups of oocytes. In the first group, we coexpressed Rhbg with CA-IV and compared the measurements to three groups of oocytes expressing either Rhbg or CA-IV or injected with HO. We used ion-selective microelectrodes to measure surface pH, to monitor NH transport, and intracellular pH to monitor NH and CO transport. We also used a two-electrode voltage clamp to measure current changes caused by electrogenic NH transport. These parameters measured NH/NH and CO transport in oocytes expressing Rhbg and/or CA. Our results indicate that: ) Rhbg and CA-IV were coimmunoprecipitated, suggesting a physical interaction; and ) coexpressing CA-IV with Rhbg: ) inhibited electrogenic NH transport by Rhbg in the presence and absence of CO; ) reduced NH transport by Rhbg only in the presence of CO; and ) had no detectable effect on CO transport by Rhbg. We demonstrated for the first time that Rhbg and CA-IV physically interact, and this interaction has inhibitory effects on Rhbg function but not CA-IV. The interaction of Rhbg and CA-IV is important to explain their role in renal acid-base homeostasis. Our study revealed the complex regulation of NH/NH transport, highlighting the roles of Rhbg, CA-IV, and environmental factors such as CO concentration. These interactions are critical to our understanding of NH/NH transport and regulation. Our findings lay a strong foundation for future investigations into the molecular dynamics among these transport proteins and their physiological significance. These studies are essential to fully understand how these mechanisms influence renal ammonia handling, urinary acidification, and systemic pH balance. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/08/14
Zhou HeAbdulnour-Nakhoul SolangeHamm L LeeNakhoul Nazih L - Chinese perch (), an economically important freshwater fish in China, faces ammonia nitrogen stress under high-density aquaculture. This study investigated chronic ammonia nitrogen exposure effects on juvenile fish (95 ± 5 g) to establish safe concentration. Acute toxicity tests revealed a 96 h-LC of 12.91 mg/L ammonia nitrogen, with a safe concentration of 1.29 mg/L ammonia nitrogen (non-ionic ammonia: 0.097 mg/L). In 28-day chronic experiments with ammonia nitrogen levels at 0, 0.61, 1.29, and 2.58 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen induced hepatic oxidative stress, with total superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities and malondialdehyde content increasing proportionally to ammonia nitrogen concentration initially but declining over time. Concurrently, gill Na-K-ATPase activity was significantly suppressed, while the gene expression of ammonia transporters (, , and ) exhibited ammonia nitrogen concentration-dependent upregulation, inversely correlated with the exposure duration. Histological gill damage intensified at higher concentrations. Hepatic ammonia detoxification enzymes activities (asparagine synthase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate dehydrogenase) and glutamine accumulation increased with ammonia nitrogen levels, aligning with gene expression trends, though enzyme activity diminished over time. Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and their gene expressions rose with ammonia nitrogen levels, while total protein declined. These findings demonstrate that chronic ammonia nitrogen stress disrupts antioxidant capacity, osmoregulation, and nitrogen metabolism, compelling Chinese perch to mitigate toxicity via glutamine synthesis. To ensure sustainable aquaculture, ammonia nitrogen levels should remain below 1.29 mg/L under adequate dissolved oxygen conditions. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/06/22
Li YanYang RuHe MinghuiSu JianmeiLiu Liwei