Ask about this productRelated genes to: SURF1 Blocking Peptide
- Gene:
- SURF1 NIH gene
- Name:
- SURF1 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- -
- Chromosome:
- 9q34.2
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1989-11-29
- Date modifiied:
- 2019-01-22
Related products to: SURF1 Blocking Peptide
Related articles to: SURF1 Blocking Peptide
- Leigh Syndrome Spectrum (LSS) is the most common pediatric mitochondrial disease syndromic presentation. However, its natural history has not been well-characterized, particularly across diverse populations. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/26
MacMullen Laura EStanley Katelynn DChristodoulou JohnCohen Bruce HDemczko MatthewGoldstein Amy CHaas RichardKoenig Mary KayPoblete MariaRice AlyssaRossman IanRuiz CarolinaRusso S NicholasThorburn David RUebergang EloiseYang Jennifer HZolkipli-Cunningham ZarazuelaFalk Marni J - Stress involves the activation of cellular, physiological, and emotional processes that cost energy-nothing is free in biology. In mammals, the stress response involves hormone release, including norepinephrine (NE), which increases energy expenditure. To quantify the energetic cost of NE signaling in a simple cellular system, we interrogated the dose (0 - 10 μM NE) and time-dependent (up to 10 hours) effects of adrenergic signaling in primary human fibroblasts. Oxygen consumption rates (OCR, reflecting ATP generated by mitochondria) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR, reflecting ATP generated by glycolysis) were measured continuously using extracellular flux analysis, allowing us to estimate the ATP turnover rates, and thus cellular energy expenditure. Within the first 18 minutes (early phase), glycolysis increases up to 47% whereas respiration decreased 2-5%. Both parameters normalized within 1-2 hours for low NE concentrations. This was followed by an increase in oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), peaking around 9-12% by 2-6 hours (mid or late-phase). These minutes-to-hours data reveal the temporal dynamics whereby NE increases cellular energy expenditure in fibroblasts. Blocking OxPhos with oligomycin or piericidin A abolished OxPhos changes post-NE addition while conserving the glycolytic response. Withdrawal of glucose from the media significantly dampened the absolute rise in ECAR in response to NE, and instead increased OxPhos, revealing the metabolic flexibility in fibroblasts. Finally, cells with genetic defects impairing OxPhos exhibited a 50% blunted NE-driven metabolic response, consistent with the existence of an energy constraint in mitochondrial diseases. In summary, we have resolved the dynamics and flexible bioenergetic recalibrations associated with NE-driven hypermetabolism in primary human fibroblasts. Mapping the nature and magnitude of these recalibrations in humans would advance our understanding of the potential energetic forces underlying the damage to health by chronic stress. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/07/10
Goode Janell L MSturm GabrielPicard Martin - To search for safe and efficient anti-fatigue active molecules, 16 capsaicin (CAP) derivatives were synthesized by replacing the unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond in capsaicin with a rigid benzene ring via condensation, chlorination, and amidation reactions using vanillylamine hydrochloride as the starting material, with yields ranging from 44.1 to 79.1%. Their structures were confirmed by H-NMR, C-NMR, and MS (electrospray ionization [ESI]). In vitro assays demonstrated that N8 exerted superior transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonistic activity compared to CAP at a concentration of 10 μM, upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) expression in a concentration-dependent manner (1.25-10 μM), and showed no significant toxicity to C2C12 myotube cells at 0.78-100 μM. In vivo evaluations in mice (15 mg/kg, 31-d gavage) demonstrated that N8 had no adverse effect on body weight but significantly prolonged rotarod duration (143.5%, p < 0.001) and forced swimming time (75.6%, p < 0.001), increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (p < 0.01), decreased serum urea nitrogen (SUN) levels (p < 0.001) and lactic acid (LA) accumulation (p < 0.001), and elevated hepatic and muscle glycogen contents (p < 0.001) compared with the fatigue control group. Mechanistic studies via Western blot, mitochondrial fluorescence staining, cellular thermal shift assay, and molecular docking revealed that N8 had better binding stability to TRPV1 than CAP (relative binding rate at 65°C: 86.7 vs. 21.5%), activated the TRPV1 channel, synergistically upregulated the expression of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1M (CPT1M), SURF1, and cytochrome c1 (CYC1), promoted mitochondrial biogenesis, and optimized muscle energy metabolism. These results indicate that N8 demonstrates superior anti-fatigue activity both in vitro and in vivo compared to CAP, making it a potential candidate for anti-fatigue drug development. - Source: PubMed
Wu Yi-FanZeng Xu-FeiShen Zhi-WeiFeng Han-YinPeng TaoLiu Shu-ChenXu JingWang LinZhang Shou-Guo - Leigh syndrome (Leigh) is an untreatable mitochondrial disorder characterized by lactic acidosis and basal ganglia and midbrain pathology, leading to psychomotor regression and early death. We previously uncovered impaired neuronal morphogenesis in Leigh cerebral organoids carrying SURF1 gene variants. Leveraging this phenotype, we here develop a deep learning algorithm tailored for cell type-specific drug repurposing screening. In parallel, we perform a survival drug screen in a yeast model of Leigh. The two approaches independently converge on azole compounds, two of which - talarozole and sertaconazole - rescue neuronal morphogenesis in Leigh neurons and lower lactate release and improve growth rate in Leigh midbrain organoids. Mechanistically, these compounds modulate the retinoic acid pathway and membrane-associate lipid metabolism. The findings highlight azoles as promising candidates for Leigh and demonstrate the potential of combining in silico screens with human brain organoids as new approach methodologies (NAMs) to advance the discovery of therapeutics addressing rare neurodevelopmental disorders. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/20
Menacho CarmenOkawa SatoshiÁlvarez-Merz IrisWittich AnnikaMuñoz-Oreja MikelLisowski PawelMartín Mario LópezPentimalli Tancredi MassimoZakin ShiriThevandavakkam MathuravaniJerred CalebLickfett SelenePetersilie LauraRybak-Wolf AgnieszkaSeibt AnnetteHerebian DiranInak GizemBrodesser SusanneZaliani AndreaMlody BarbaraDonnelly JustinWoleben KaseySoriano Francesc XavierFernandez-Checa Jose CVentura NatasciaCambridge SidneyMayatepek ErtanSpinazzola AntonellaSchuelke MarkusRajewsky NikolausRossi AndreaPeralvarez-Marin AlexDistelmaier FelixPerlstein EthanHolt Ian JPuighermanal EmmaPless OleRose Christine RDel Sol AntonioPrigione Alessandro - Leigh syndrome (LS) is a prevalent mitochondrial encephalomyopathy in childhood, triggered by mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA). The protein encoded by the gene localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and is involved in the biosynthesis of the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) complex. We enrolled 5 children harboring gene variants whose clinical manifestations were highly consistent with LS. The clinical characteristics and potential pathogenic mechanisms of the disease were elucidated by systematic analysis of their clinical data. Among the 5 patients, 4 were female and 1 was male, with ages ranging from 13 months to 2 years and 7 months. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) results revealed 6 variant sites in the SURF1 gene among the 5 patients, of which 2 were known variants and 4 were unreported novel variants, namely c.314-317delTGCC (p.L105Qfs*7), c.588+1_588+3delGTA (splicing), c.655G>T (p.Glu219), and c.515+3G>C. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed on the peripheral blood of 4 patients, and the results demonstrated that the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level of the gene was significantly lower than that in their parents. Using 10 healthy children as controls, we analyzed the ratios of mitochondria-related NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1 (ND1), Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX1), Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX2), NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 (ND4), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as a nuclear reference gene. Mitochondrial DNA content was determined by measuring the ND1/GAPDH ratio using RT-qPCR, and further verified with COX1, COX2, and ND4. These ratios were all significantly decreased, indicating reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number/mtDNA depletion. Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement (I-TASSER)-based three-dimensional (3D) structural analysis indicated that all 6 variant sites induced alterations in the spatial structure of the SURF1 protein. The SURF1 protein is a hydrophilic protein, protein hydrophobicity and stability analyses showed that the 4 unreported novel variants could reduce the hydrophilicity, increase the hydrophobicity, and decrease the structural stability of the protein. The Homolog of Yeast 1 (Shy1) domain serves as the key structural basis for SURF1 to exert its mitochondrial functions. We found that all 6 variant sites in the gene were located within the Shy1 domain. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/02
Wang ChunmeiLin LonglongZhang YuanfengWang SimeiLuo XiaonaChen Xuqin