EIF2C4 Blocking Peptide
- Known as:
- EIF2C4 Blocking Peptide
- Catalog number:
- 33r-1952
- Product Quantity:
- USD
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- Fitzgerald industries international
- Gene target:
- EIF2C4 Blocking Peptide
Related genes to: EIF2C4 Blocking Peptide
- Gene:
- AGO4 NIH gene
- Name:
- argonaute RISC component 4
- Previous symbol:
- EIF2C4
- Synonyms:
- hAGO4, KIAA1567, FLJ20033
- Chromosome:
- 1p34.3
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2002-04-26
- Date modifiied:
- 2019-02-01
Related products to: EIF2C4 Blocking Peptide
Related articles to: EIF2C4 Blocking Peptide
- The Geminiviridae family encompasses over 500 species of economically important plant viruses. A new geminivirus species named parsley yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) was first identified in 2020 in Southeastern Iran. The PYLCV genome, comprising 2,779 nucleotides, exhibits a pairwise sequence identity of less than 66% with other geminiviruses and encodes a divergent V2 protein that lacks sequence similarity to known proteins in GenBank. This study explores the functions of this V2 through various analyses. An assessment of the V2 amino acid composition indicates a higher prevalence of acidic residues. By expressing N-terminal and C-terminal GFP fusions (GFP-V2 and V2-GFP) in Nicotiana benthamiana, we demonstrate that V2 localizes to the cytoplasm, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Cajal body. Notably, PYLCV V2 suppressed local PTGS and delayed systemic PTGS in GFP-based silencing assays and restored GFP transcript accumulation in a systemic 16c-TGS assay, indicating suppression of transcriptional silencing. Co-immunoprecipitation assays further showed that PYLCV V2 interacts with NbAGO4-1 and with itself, but not detectably with NbSGS3 or NbHDA6, supporting a potential role for PYLCV V2 in targeting the AGO4-mediated transcriptional silencing pathway. Ectopic expression of V2 via a PVX vector induced necrotic lesions with HR-like features, together with systemic mosaic patterns and severe leaf curling in upper leaves. Importantly, PYLCV V2 retains core V2-like biological activities despite extensive primary-sequence divergence, suggesting that functional conservation may rely on structural or biophysical determinants rather than linear sequence similarity. Our findings demonstrate that the divergent V2 protein from PYLCV has the capacity to function as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) and as a potential symptom determinant, suggesting relevant roles in viral pathogenicity analogous to those of other geminiviral V2 proteins. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/03
Zeitooni HasanMedina-Puche LauraLozano-Durán RosaShams-Bakhsh Masoud - Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs), including small interfering (si) and micro (mi) RNAs, are components of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathways regulating vital processes. These various sRNAs act via specialized executor ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins constituting RNA induced silencing complexes (RISCs). In Arabidopsis, miRNAs load mainly into AGO1, while 24-nucleotide (nt) long siRNAs load into AGO4, typically. However, a large subset of sRNAs is present in the cytoplasm in AGO-unbound form. To uncover the potential importance of tissue specific AGO-loading efficiency of sRNAs in an economically important plant we used pepper fruits, dissected into pericarp, placenta, and seed and the ratio between AGO-loaded and -unloaded sRNA pools was investigated with high throughput sequencing. In agreement with the previous studies, variable loading capacity of sRNAs was discovered with an abundant AGO-unbound pool. The investigated pools showed a surprisingly high prevalence of 21-22-24-nt long siRNAs even in the high molecular weight RISC. The dynamically expanding pericarp exhibited extremely high 21-nt long miRNA content. Moreover, comparing the different tissues, a drastic redistribution or elimination of 21- and 24-nt sRNAs in various sRNA-protein complexes and changes in unbound sRNA pools were observed demonstrating the highly dynamic alteration in AGO-loading properties of the sRNAs. These data imply that during fruit development sRNAs are dynamically sorted into various executor complexes in a controlled manner. This finding also implies that analysis of the content of AGO-sRNA complexes together with the AGO-unbound population of these sRNAs can be a useful tool to identify potentially functional sRNAs. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/07/11
Dalmadi ÁgnesGyula PéterAbdu AuwaluKis AndrásMiloro FabioBálint JeannetteSzittya GyörgyHavelda Zoltán - Argonaute proteins (AGO) are best known for their role in microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing. Here, we demonstrate that AGO3 and AGO4, but not AGO2, localize to the sex chromatin of pachytene spermatocytes, where they are required for the transcriptional silencing of XY-linked genes that characterizes Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation (MSCI). Previous findings showed that deletion of Ago4 (Ago4-/-) mildly impairs MSCI and normal spermatozoa production. By contrast, loss of Ago3 (Ago3-/-) does not produce these defects, while combined deletion of Ago1, Ago3, and Ago4 (Ago413-/-) leads to severely reduced fertility, accompanied by disrupted autosomal and sex chromosome gene regulation and altered chromatin accessibility in spermatocytes. In Ago413-/- mice, premature overexpression of spermiogenesis genes during prophase I results in reduced sperm production, abnormal sperm morphology, and impaired fertilization capacity. Together, AGO3 and AGO4 act during prophase I to ensure the timely expression of meiosis-related genes during prophase I while maintaining repression of spermiogenesis-associated genes. These results indicate that AGO3 and AGO4 act in a coordinated fashion in the male germline to orchestrate cell progression in spermatogenesis through temporal regulation of autosomal and sex chromosome genes. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/29
Carro Maria de Las MercedesDziubek AlexisTouey-May AmandaPopkowski Elizabeth AAbdelmassih MarkSimon Leah ETanis Stephanie LAhmed FarazGrenier Jennifer KGrimson AndrewCohen Paula E - Seed priming with dopamine reduced fluoride-bioaccumulation, induced endogenous dopamine level, thereby orchestrating phytohormone homeostasis and biogenic amine metabolism, and modulating osmolyte and antioxidant machinery to enhance fluoride- tolerance in rice. DNA methylation plays a critical role in plant immunity, yet its regulatory mechanism in cotton Verticillium wilt (VW) resistance remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that dynamic DNA methylation is essential for cotton defense against Verticillium dahliae. Silencing of methyltransferase and demethylase genes via VIGS both compromised VW resistance, indicating that resistance depends on a balanced methylation homeostasis. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing revealed asymmetric methylation patterns between A and D subgenomes and significant CHH hypermethylation upon pathogen infection, particularly in euchromatic regions. Integrated methylome and transcriptome analyses showed that methylation status, especially in promoter regions, inversely correlates with gene expression. The RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway emerged as a central regulator, with AGO4 silencing enhancing VW resistance and affecting methylation of key defense genes, including phenylpropanoid and pectin methylesterase genes. Specifically, GhCYP71, a negative regulator of VW resistance, exhibited CHH methylation differences in its 5'UTR between resistant and susceptible varieties, and its expression was directly regulated by DNA methylation. Yeast two-hybrid identified AGO4-interacting proteins including ADH1, suggesting crosstalk between epigenetic regulation and metabolic status. Our findings establish that RdDM-mediated DNA methylation reprogramming precisely modulates defense gene expression, providing a mechanistic framework for epigenetic immunity and potential targets for breeding VW-resistant cotton. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/19
Zhang ZixuZhang JinWang ZhichengZhang XinyuChen WeiyiJiao MengjiaXie MeixiaYang JunZhang DongmeiWang XingfenMa ZhiyingZhang Yan - In this study, we report the synthesis of silver phosphate supported on a phase mixture of Analcime and Pitiglianoite zeolites. The hybrid materials were obtained with AgP amounts of 25% (AgP_ZLT_25), 50% (AgP_ZLT_50), 75% (AgP_ZLT_75), and 95% (AgP_ZLT_95) relative to the ZLT mass. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and structural refinement by the Rietveld method revealed that ZLT is composed of 71.02 ± 0.54% Analcime and 28.98 ± 0.47% Pitiglianoite zeolite. The percentage of AgP in the mixture, also quantified by the Rietveld method, resulted in values of 7.99 ± 0.46, 36.70 ± 4.84, 67.50 ± 5.06, and 93.74 ± 3.15% for the samples AgP_ZLT_25, AgP_ZLT_50, AgP_ZLT_75, and AgP_ZLT_95, respectively. Vibrational characterization by Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy revealed the presence of the main active vibrational modes of silver phosphate, silicate, and aluminate groups, in both pure and hybrid materials. The values revealed that ZLT effectively absorbs in the ultraviolet region, with equal to 3.65 eV. While the hybrid materials exhibited a decrease in the value, specifically between 3.63 eV (AgP_ZLT_25) and 2.35 eV (AgP_ZLT_95), in consequence of the contributions of the electronic transitions of AgP ( = 2.35 eV). The photocatalytic performance of the materials prepared in the photodegradation of RhB dye in an aqueous medium under exposure to LED-simulated visible light resulted in dye discoloration percentages of 97.07% for the AgP_ZLT_95 sample and 93.56% for the AgP_ZLT_75 sample. Furthermore, analysis of the rate constant ( ) and half-life of the reactions ( ) revealed that the AgP_ZLT_95 catalyst was approximately 1,391.5 times more efficient compared to photolysis, exhibiting superior activity in the generation of superoxide radicals and vacancies. Additionally, it was found that zeolite acts as a sacrificial material, reducing the photocorrosion process of silver phosphate. Hybrid materials, as well as AgP, exhibited high antimicrobial activity, resulting in a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.01562 mg mL for the bacteria and , while for the fungi and , the MIC was 0.03125 mg mL, as a result of redox processes involving reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as silver-ion activity and [AgO] and [PO] clusters in the cell wall and internal structures of microorganisms. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/02/27
Dos Santos Leite Ygor GeannNobre Francisco Xavierde Lima Nascimento José FábioDe Sombra Quércia Wesley VictorGurgel Raiana SilveiraAlbuquerque Patrícia MelchionnaLeyet Ruiz YurimilerSargentini-Júnior ÉzioBolson Marcos ARomaguera-Barcelay YonnyPeña-Garcia Ramón Rda Costa Couceiro Paulo RogérioCarvalho Rosany Picolotto