Ask about this productRelated genes to: NKX3A antibody
- Gene:
- NKX3-1 NIH gene
- Name:
- NK3 homeobox 1
- Previous symbol:
- NKX3A
- Synonyms:
- NKX3.1, BAPX2
- Chromosome:
- 8p21.2
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1997-05-09
- Date modifiied:
- 2015-08-25
Related products to: NKX3A antibody
Related articles to: NKX3A antibody
- Prostate cancer is a common malignancy in men and usually presents with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and metastases to the bones or lymph nodes. Brain metastases are rare, occurring in less than 1% of cases. Concurrent elevation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is also uncommon. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/20
Sumiyoshi SosukeFujii KosukeKasashima KazuhiroOda MasashiSaiki Masaaki - IntroductionPrimary sarcoma of the prostate is extremely rare and accounts for less than 1% of all prostatic malignancies. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the prostate in an adult man is exceedingly rare. Establishing a correct diagnosis is often challenging in a prostatic core biopsy.Patient presentationA 30-year-old man presented to the emergency department after a period of acute urinary retention. Clinical examination revealed an indurated prostatic mass. Serum prostate-specific antigen level was normal. Imaging work-up showed pelvic lymph node and vertebral metastases. A malignant pleural effusion was noted. Transrectal ultrasound-guided core biopsy from the prostate revealed a cellular malignant neoplasm with small round tumor cells arranged in nests and sheets. Initial diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma, Gleason score 5 + 5, grade group 5 was made. Immunohistochemical work-up showed positive skeletal muscle markers (desmin, myogenin and MYOD1) with negative keratin (AE1/AE3), NKX3.1, synaptophysin, chromogranin. CD56 showed patchy positivity. A revised diagnosis of primary alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma was established. The patient succumbed to the disease soon after the diagnosis.DiscussionPrimary alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the adult prostate has been rarely reported. The tumor has an aggressive clinical course with dismal prognosis. The diagnosis can be challenging as the histomorphology closely resembles poorly differentiated carcinoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, small cell carcinoma and other small round cell sarcomas. Aberrant immunohistochemical expression causes diagnostic dilemma. The treatment protocol and adjuvant drugs differ significantly from prostatic adenocarcinoma or small cell carcinoma, necessitating an accurate histological diagnosis for appropriate patient management. A molecular work-up can be useful in challenging specimens. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/16
Mitra SaikatChoube AbhishekRatnaparkhi ChetanaPande Shantanu - A 50-year-old man presented with lower abdominal pain. Imaging revealed a pelvic mass extending from the right internal iliac vein into the inferior vena cava. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography revealed intense uptake (SUVmax 13.97) without metastasis. Biopsy revealed a biphasic tumor with cartilaginous matrix and staghorn vasculature. Immunohistochemistry indicated positive for SMA, desmin, MyoD1, and NKX3.1. Moreover, genomic analysis identified a HEY1::NCOA2 fusion, confirming mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS). Given the extent of the tumor, chemoradiotherapy was initiated. MCS is a rare, high-grade sarcoma with limited treatment options. Targeted therapies against HEY1::NCOA2-associated pathways are promising and are currently under investigation. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/03/24
Ichikawa JiroOnohara KojiroInoue TomohiroWako MasanoriKawasaki Tomonori - High-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) shows marked morphologic plasticity with many recognized histologic subtypes that may coexist within the same tumor. These pose a diagnostic challenge and should be distinguished from collision tumors, defined by the coexistence of morphologically and genotypically distinct tumors at the same anatomic site. Herein, we present the first case report of HGUC with malignant prostatic differentiation mimicking a collision tumor in a bladder diverticulum. The patient was a 68-year-old male patient who presented with gross hematuria and was found to have a 2.2 cm tumor in a posterior bladder diverticulum. Initial transurethral resection (TUR) suggested HGUC, while re-TUR showed a component resembling prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Subsequent diverticulectomy specimen revealed two morphologically and immunohistochemically distinct tumor components: 1) a papillary component associated with urothelial carcinoma in situ, positive for keratin 34BE12 and GATA3, and compatible with HGUC of the bladder, and 2) a distinct abutting and focally admixed malignant glandular component, which was GATA3 negative, but positive for markers of prostatic differentiation such as NKX3.1, PSA and PSAP and displayed prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma features. These findings raised the possibility of a collision tumor between urothelial carcinoma and metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma. However, the patient's PSA level was normal and magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate was unremarkable. To render an accurate diagnosis and guide patient management, these two tumor components were macrodissected and subjected to targeted massively parallel sequencing. Disease-associated variants in , , , and were identified and were identical and shared among the two histologically distinct components. These findings suggest that the two components are part of the same neoplastic process and, given the presence of urothelial carcinoma in situ, possibly represent the first reported example of urothelial carcinoma with divergent prostatic differentiation. Awareness of divergent differentiation in urothelial carcinomas has important diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications and can be resolved with the use of ancillary molecular studies. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/03/31
Budina AnnaVergara NorgeNavarro Farah El-SharkawyMorrissette Jennifer J DNayak Anupma - Poorly differentiated prostate adenocarcinoma may closely mimic high-grade urothelial carcinoma, particularly when presenting as a bladder or prostatic urethral mass without clinical history or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) data. We describe 3 patients who presented with hematuria and bladder lesions strongly resembling invasive urothelial carcinomas on limited transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) specimens. All lesions demonstrated papillae lined by high-grade multilayered epithelium with marked nuclear pleomorphism and brisk mitotic activity, features rarely seen in prostate carcinomas and more characteristic of urothelial carcinomas. One tumor showed squamoid differentiation. All specimens showed muscularis propria invasion. Clinical history available at the time of the biopsy indicated a prior TURB for urothelial carcinoma in 1 patient and a known history of prostate cancer in another one. On immunohistochemistry, tumors expressed androgen receptor and NKX3.1, focally PSA and diffuse pankeratin staining, with negative keratin 7, keratin 20, keratin 5/6, and GATA3; residual urothelium exhibited p40/p63 staining. These findings confirmed high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma involving the bladder. Upon diagnosis, a history of prostate cancer under androgen ablation therapy was revealed for 1 of the patients and a PSA level of 70 ng/ml for another 1. This series highlights an underrecognized morphologic pattern of prostate cancer that could lead to an erroneous diagnosis, particularly in the absence of PSA testing, complete clinical history or comprehensive immunostaining. Accurate distinction of poorly differentiated prostate carcinoma from urothelial carcinoma requires correlation with prior diagnoses and a focused immunohistochemical panel, as misclassification carries significant therapeutic implications. Pathologists should maintain awareness of this uncommon mimic. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/03/31
Grypari Ioanna-MariaPomoni AngelikiGanetsou DimitraKouroukli OlgaMelachrinou MariaTzelepi Vasiliki