Ask about this productRelated genes to: LHX4 antibody
- Gene:
- LHX4 NIH gene
- Name:
- LIM homeobox 4
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- Gsh4
- Chromosome:
- 1q25.2
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2003-07-21
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
Related products to: LHX4 antibody
Related articles to: LHX4 antibody
- The mammalian pineal gland maintains normal circadian rhythms and homeostasis by secreting melatonin. However, the lack of a single-cell-resolved regulatory map limits our understanding of how these neuroendocrine functions are orchestrated. Here, we constructed a multiomics atlas of the pineal gland from by integrating snRNA-seq, snATAC-seq, and spatial transcriptomics. We identified pinealocytes as the predominant cell type, alongside six glial and vascular lineages. Chromatin accessibility analysis delineated cell-type-specific regions enriched for melatonin synthesis and phototransduction genes. Notably, we resolved a dual-layer regulatory architecture: While melatonin synthesis programs are robustly organized, circadian clock regulators exhibit a distinct, sparse spatial pattern. Coexpression networks further identified core modules and regulatory hubs-including CRX/OTX2, LHX4, and RORA-that integrate these circadian and light-responsive signals. Cell-cell communication analysis identified signaling axes, such as -/, -, and -, that potentially coordinate this spatial functional organization. Integrating genetic traits showed that sleep and neuropsychiatric risk variants preferentially map to these pineal regulatory modules. Specifically, sleep-associated loci converged on -linked elements, while bipolar disorder-associated loci highlighted candidate genes of and . Overall, this study reveals the cellular diversity and spatial regulatory logic of the primate pineal gland, providing a physiological foundation for investigating circadian and neuroendocrine regulation in healthy and disease models. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/05
Zheng JihongXiao YuchenLyu JianjunXu HongtaoZhang YaqunLi YanchuanLi YihaoWang TianjunLiu LiuJin LingjingZhou XuhuiZhang Chao - Bipolar cells relay visual signals from photoreceptors to ganglion cells. In the mouse retina, 15 bipolar cell subtypes have been identified and are classified as ON or OFF bipolar cells based on their responses to light or as rod or cone bipolar cells based on their photoreceptor connectivity. Despite this diversity, the distinct structural and functional roles of bipolar cell subtypes in visual information processing remain poorly understood, largely due to lack of tools and models for their characterization. In this study, we generated inducible Cre mouse lines driven by the promoters of , , and and crossed them with ChR2EYFP reporter mice to trace lineage and characterize bipolar cell subtypes in postnatal and adult mouse retinas. Following tamoxifen induction in adult male and female mice, ChR2EYFP expression was detected in type 2, 6, and 7 bipolar cells in the CreER line; type 1b, 2, and 6 bipolar cells in the CreER line; and type 2, 3, 4, and 5 bipolar cells in the CreER line. In addition, CreER activity was observed in cone photoreceptor cells. ChR2EYFP expression was also detected in other ON and OFF cone bipolar cells, as well as rod bipolar cells, when tamoxifen induction was performed in the postnatal mice. These inducible Cre lines enable genetic manipulation in retinal bipolar cell subtypes at different developmental time points and serve as tools for elucidation of the mechanisms that control bipolar cell subtype development and function. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/20
Quainoo Ebenezer JXie XiaolingKol LotemSamson JosephGan Lin - Ependymoma is a malignancy of the neuroepithelium-derived ependyma that lines the spinal cord and ventricles of the brain, occurring most frequently in young children and older adults. Genetic susceptibility to ependymoma has proven difficult to assess due to disease rarity. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/01/16
Strauss Joshua DShetty Priya BTsavachidis SpiridonByun JinyoungMack Stephen CXiangjun XiaoArmstrong Terri SGilbert Mark R Mirabello LisaBhatia SmitaLeisenring Wendy MMorton Lindsay MArmstrong Gregory TFoss-Skiftesvik JonHagen Christian MunchBybjerg-Grauholm Jonas Ghozal ManelBonaventure AudreyClavel JacquelineBondy Melissa L Amos Christopher IHoang Thanh TScheurer Michael E - Sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS), a widely used substitute for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, may threaten ocular development, but its mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to OBS (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/L) for 120 h. OBS exposure resulted in pronounced ocular developmental abnormalities, including lens deformation, reduced retinal layer thickness, and a significant decrease in eye size. Mechanistic analyses revealed that OBS induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis-associated alterations: the number of early apoptotic cells increased in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by marked downregulation of key eye development genes (lhx4, pax6, rx1, and vsx1). Additionally, elevated Fe and malondialdehyde levels, abnormally increased superoxide dismutase activity, and reduced catalase activity and glutathione content were observed. Expression levels of ferroptosis-related genes (gpx4, slc7a11, fth, and tfr) were also significantly altered. Notably, treatment with the ferroptosis-specific inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) effectively alleviated OBS-induced ocular damage, further supporting ferroptosis as a central regulatory mechanism. Collectively, this study provides the first evidence that ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in OBS-induced ocular developmental defects in zebrafish embryos, offering insights into PFOS alternatives' risks and therapeutic targets. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/01/13
Liu XingWu XinyiXia MingzhuFan YiZhao YichunHan JunjieChen RuobingPeng YutingQu Man - Bipolar cells relay visual signals from photoreceptor cells to ganglion cells in the retina. Fifteen bipolar cell subtypes have been identified in the mouse retina. These subtypes are classified as ON and OFF bipolar cells based on their response to light stimulus or rod and cone bipolar cells based on their connection to photoreceptor cells. However, the unique structural and functional role of these subtypes in the processing of visual information is not fully known due to the inadequate tools and models available for their characterization. In this study, to trace the lineage and characterize , , and - expressing bipolar cell subtypes in developing and adult mouse retina, we developed inducible Cre lines under the promoter of , , and and crossed them with ChR2EYFP reporter mice. Lineages of cells expressing , , and after Cre induction in the adult and postnatal mouse retina were then characterized. ChR2EYFP expression driven by -CreER was detected in type 2, 6, and 7 bipolar cells, -CreER in type 1b, 2, and 6 bipolar cells, and -CreER in type 2, 3, 4, and 5 bipolar cells as well as cone photoreceptor cells in the adult mouse retina. These bipolar cell subtype-specific inducible Cre mouse lines serve as efficient tools for elucidation of the mechanisms that control bipolar cell subtype development and function in the retina. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/12/30
Quainoo Ebenezer JXie XiaolingKol LotemSamson JosephGan Lin