Ask about this productRelated genes to: PTPLAD2 antibody
- Gene:
- HACD4 NIH gene
- Name:
- 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 4
- Previous symbol:
- PTPLAD2
- Synonyms:
- Em:AL662879.1, OTTHUMG00000021016
- Chromosome:
- 9p21.3
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2005-11-11
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-01-15
Related products to: PTPLAD2 antibody
Related articles to: PTPLAD2 antibody
- Type I interferons (IFNs) play essential roles in antiviral immune responses. The extensive diversification of type I IFNs into various subtypes and duplicated gene copies has posed significant challenges for evolutionary reconstruction. To address this, we developed the type I IFN sequence composition and structure (IFN-SCOPE) model and gene-network graph degree centrality (GENE-GRADE) algorithm, which transform the discovery of type I IFN evolutionary trajectories into computing the node centrality in its gene networks. Through synteny-guided analysis, we verified that three previously reported evolutionarily conserved type I IFN loci (HACD4, MOB3B, and UBAP2) have maintained chromosomal colocalization across all major amniote lineages. While the MOB3B locus maintained a single IFN-κ ortholog, the HACD4 (IFN-HA) and UBAP2 (IFN-UB) loci showed lineage-specific expansion patterns: IFN-HA proliferated in mammals/reptiles but remained single-copy in birds, whereas IFN-UB expanded in birds but not in other lineages. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that these independently evolved multicopy genes nevertheless clustered into two conserved subgroups (IFN-HA2/HA1 and IFN-UB2/UB1), suggesting convergent functional specialization. Within the IFN-HA and IFN-UB clusters, the single-copy IFN-HA2 and IFN-UB2 genes, positioned at the ancestral ends of their respective genomic arrays, likely represent the progenitor sequences of each locus, where the poorly characterized IFN-ν (rather than IFN-β) is the ancestral form of mammalian IFN-HA subtypes. Furthermore, wet lab evidence revealed type I IFN genes at noncanonical loci resulting from interchromosomal duplication events in tortoises and diving ducks and provided clear evidence that interchromosomal duplications contributed to type I IFN gene diversity. These discoveries advance our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms that shape type I IFN genes in amniotes and are potentially beneficial for the development of novel type I IFN-based antiviral treatments through comparative immunological approaches. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/14
Zhang LeMa FuboLiu JinpengYu YangchaoMa JunxiaoZhang LeiLi BingLi ChaofanLi KangLiu PengZhang Liguo - The interleukin-2 mutein, VIS171, was engineered to extend half-life and enhance selective binding and expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing high levels of the trimeric interleukin-2 receptor. This study evaluated the effects of VIS171 on immune cell populations in nonhuman primates, focusing on its ability to selectively expand Tregs, and then characterized their phenotype during expansion and contraction. Naïve rhesus macaques were treated subcutaneously with VIS171, along with daily rapamycin. VIS171 was well tolerated with repeated administration. Tregs, identified as cluster of differentiation CD4CD25FoxP3 or CD4CD25CD127 cells, expanded significantly after treatment. Peak Treg expansion was evident in the peripheral circulation between days 5 and 7 postdose, with frequency and absolute counts markedly increasing from 4- to 6-fold after administration. In contrast, no significant effect was found in cytotoxic T lymphocyte populations, highlighting the specificity of VIS171 for expanding Tregs. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed 3 distinct Treg clusters: resting (SELL) Tregs and 2 Treg subsets with distinct activation and metabolic profiles (HACD4 and TIGIT). The transcriptomic profile of expanded Tregs was consistent, with an effector Treg signature associated with immunoregulatory function. Differentiation signature scores indicated preserved Treg functionality after expansion. These findings suggest that VIS171 with rapamycin promotes robust, selective, and durable Treg expansion, offering a strategy to enhance transplant tolerance without broad immunosuppression. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/03/16
Schiliró DavideTunbridge MattBrown Nolan JLopez JoshuaTollison TammySmith EthanLadowski JosephMartinino AlessandroHu MeghanSchwalb AllisonYoon JanghoonBelloni RafaelaO'Neil John JRobinson Luke NSchachter Asher DBabcock Gregory JOldach DavidPeng XinxiaChung Hokyung KayKnechtle StuartKwun Jean - Jingyuan chickens are known for their unique meat flavor, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic changes in meat quality at different developmental stages remain unclear. In this study, we systematically measured the meat quality indicators of 42-, 126- and 180-day-old Jingyuan chickens, and integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic data using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key regulators of meat quality. The results showed that the growth and slaughter performance of 126- and 180-day-old chickens were significantly better than those of 42-day-old chickens (P < 0.05), but the slaughter rate and half-eviscerated rate of 42-day-old chickens were higher. With increasing age, the crude protein, drip loss, and crude ash content of the breast muscle increased significantly, while the water content decreased significantly (P < 0.05). WGCNA analysis revealed that in the 42- and 126-day-old groups, the greenyellow and blue modules were significantly positively correlated with meat quality indicators (P < 0.01), and their hub genes were significantly enriched in the PI3K - Akt signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids. In the 42- and 180-day-old groups, the pink and brown modules were positively correlated with meat quality indicators(P < 0.01), and the hub genes were enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and FoxO signaling pathway. In the 126- and 180-day-old groups, the magenta module was positively correlated with meat quality indicators (P < 0.01), and the hub genes were enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, glutathione metabolism, and GnRH signaling pathway. Metabolome data analysis showed that in the 42 - and 126 - day - old groups, the darkgrey, steelblue, sienna3, and blue modules were significantly positively correlated with meat quality indicators (P < 0.05), and their characteristic metabolites were significantly enriched in histidine metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and bile secretion. In the 42 - and 180 - day - old groups, the magenta and cyan modules were highly positively correlated with meat quality indicators (P < 0.05), and their metabolites were enriched in sphingolipid metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, thermogenesis, and purine metabolism. In the 126 - and 180 - day - old groups, the cyan module was highly significantly positively correlated with meat quality indicators (P < 0.05), with characteristic metabolites enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, vitamin digestion and absorption, and the AMPK signaling pathway. Finally, eight key genes closely related to meat quality (SNORD14, IL7, HACD4, BFSP1, BCL6, FAM13A, ANKRD2, and AGXT2) and five key metabolites (p - Cresol sulfate, 2 - Piperidinone, 4 - Hydroxyquinoline, Succinic acid, and Dihydroxyacetone phosphate) were screened and identified. This study uncovers the age-dependent mechanisms regulating Jingyuan chicken meat quality. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic regulation of meat quality in Jingyuan chickens, which may inform breeding programs aiming to improve poultry meat quality. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/09/11
Zhao WeiChen SiyuTian JinliXue LinYang LijuanHu JiahuanWang HaoruiYang JiayiGu YalingZhang Juan - Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare and aggressive soft tissue sarcoma with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Identifying reliable prognostic markers and therapeutic targets is critical for improving personalized treatment strategies. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/09/02
Lou AijuCai YuZheng TuquanZhang LongHu YupengLi HuachiYing Lang - The content and composition of intramuscular fat (IMF) affect the cooked meat palatability such as tenderness and juiciness. Thus, elucidation of lipid deposition and its composition in goat IMF is necessary. Here, Jianzhou big-ear goats with higher IMF content is associated with lower mRNA level of LKB1 gene, compared with those of Chuannan black goats. Functionally, knockdown of LKB1 promoted intramuscular adipocyte lipid accumulation. Next, LC-MS/MS based pseudo target analysis found that 409 lipids existed in goat intramuscular adipocytes, of which polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for most lipids. Compared with the control, 78 differential lipids were screened in the siLKB1 group, enriched in the triacylglycerols and fatty acids subclasses. The combined analysis between lipidomic and published transcriptomic data showed that siLKB1 enhanced polyunsaturated fatty acids synthesis through upregulation expression of HACD4. Finally, the promotion of lipid accumulation and polyunsaturated fatty acids synthesis in the LKB1 knockdown cells were partly rescued by ablation of HACD4. Collectively, these data provide a genetic target to produce PUFA enriched functional goat meat and expand new insights into improvement of meat quality. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2024/12/02
Sha PeiranFeng XinxinWang YingtongMeng JiayuDeng LiMa ZhongmaoLi DandanWang JianmeiZhou ZiliZhu JiangjiangXu MengWang YouliShi HaitaoLin YaqiuXiong Yan