Ask about this productRelated genes to: SHBG antibody
- Gene:
- SHBG NIH gene
- Name:
- sex hormone binding globulin
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- ABP, TEBG, MGC126834, MGC138391
- Chromosome:
- 17p13.1
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1990-03-14
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-04-04
Related products to: SHBG antibody
Related articles to: SHBG antibody
- Low circulating testosterone in physically stressed populations is frequently interpreted as evidence of hypogonadism or intrinsic gonadal dysfunction. However, convergent data from military field studies, endurance athletes, and competitive stress models demonstrate that testosterone suppression during sustained stress is commonly a centrally mediated, reversible adaptation rather than intrinsic testicular failure. Severe energy deficit, sleep disruption, and uncontrollable psychogenic stress suppress hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone pulsatility, reduce testicular androgen production, and frequently increase sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), thereby disproportionately lowering free testosterone. Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation studies confirm preserved Leydig cell responsiveness under these conditions, supporting hypothalamic-pituitary inhibition as the dominant mechanism. In contrast, high mechanical loading in resistance-trained men does not suppress basal testosterone when energy availability is maintained, underscoring energetic sufficiency, not exercise modality, as the principal determinant of androgen tone. Acute competitive stress produces rapid, appraisal-dependent modulation of testosterone independent of SHBG, further demonstrating central regulation. Across contexts, androgen suppression tracks energetic and psychological constraint and is reversible with restoration of energy balance and recovery. Recognition of this adaptive endocrine phenotype is essential to distinguish functional central suppression from pathological hypogonadism and to guide appropriate clinical evaluation. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/27
Friedl Karl ENindl Bradley CPotter Adam W - This study reviews the main candidate genes involved in the pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a common endocrine-metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age, characterized by menstrual irregularity, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. It is associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk and is a leading cause of infertility. Although its pathophysiology is not fully understood, alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, insulin metabolism, and steroidogenesis have been described. Polymorphisms in genes encoding hormones, enzymes, and receptors in these pathways contribute to clinical variability and ethnic differences, offering potential for early diagnosis and personalized medicine. This review summarizes key candidate genes related to insulin metabolism (INS, INSR, IRS-1), the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (LHβ, LHCGR, FSHR, GnRHR, AMH, AMHR2, KISS1, CAPN10), steroidogenesis (CYP11A, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, CYP21, 17β-HSD, SHBG, AR, STAR), and other clinically relevant mechanisms such as obesity, lipid metabolism (PPARG, VDR, FTO), and follicular development (ACE). - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/19
Cepero-González María de Los AngelesAguilar-Galarza AdrianaRodríguez-García Víctor ManuelGarcía-Gasca TeresaMoreno Celis Ulisses - Female reproductive hormonal fluctuations may be influenced by lifestyle behaviors such as diet, physical activity (PA), and sleep. However, little is known about these interactions over time or how they may differ between naturally menstruating (NM) and hormonal contraceptive (HC) women. This 8-wk observational study examined relationships between hormone levels and dietary intake, PA, exercise, and sleep quality, and explored differences by menstrual cycle phase and contraceptive status. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/22
Aguiar Bonfim Cruz Ariel JChandler Alexa JIrwin Gena LSchwartz MalaynaFrost Ann - To investigate the levels of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with diabetic retinopathy (DR), and to explore their correlations with biochemical parameters and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in DR patients. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/18
Zhang MinZhou Xin-RuiMa Wei-GuoYin Xiao-HongLi YaLi Rong - Vitamin D a fat-soluble steroid hormone signals through Vitamin D Receptors (VDRs) located throughout the ovaries, uterus, placenta, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland, influencing immune regulation and female reproductive physiology. This review of studies from 2013-2025 found consistent associations between low vitamin D status and various disorders in women of childbearing age. In Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), deficiency correlates with higher symptom severity, and evidence shows that supplementation significantly reduces total PMS scores, particularly improving mood-related domains. For uterine pathologies such as fibroids, endometriosis, and adenomyosis, low vitamin D status is linked to increased risk and severity. Repletion trials suggest antifibrotic and analgesic benefits, although larger, more rigorously designed studies are still needed for definitive clinical guidelines. In Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), low vitamin D links to adverse metabolic and hormonal profiles. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) confirm that correcting deficiency improves insulin resistance, lowers total testosterone and free-androgen index, raises sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and helps regularize menstrual cycles. Targeted supplementation is recommended, especially for insulin-resistant or obese phenotypes. During pregnancy, maternal deficiency is associated with adverse outcomes including pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and pre-term birth risk. However, intervention trials have yielded inconsistent preventive results, often complicated because rising Vitamin D-Binding Protein (VDBP) may mask true vitamin D status. In Assisted Reproduction like In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), correcting deficiency early during pre-conception or early folliculogenesis appears beneficial. This early dosing enhances oocyte quality, promotes granulosa cell proliferation, and modulates local transcriptomes toward anti-inflammatory pathways. In contrast, single high-dose boluses administered shortly before embryo transfer show limited impact on outcomes. The overall evidence is limited by heterogeneous study designs, variable dosing, and reliance on total serum levels rather than bioavailable vitamin D. Future research should prioritize large, multicenter RCTs utilizing standardized daily/weekly dosing, stratifying by genetic and phenotypic factors, and measuring bioavailable vitamin D to establish reliable effects on patient-centered outcomes. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/27
Alsuwaidi AzzaAlAnouti FatmePapandreou Dimitrios