ATF2 (Phospho_Thr73 or 55) Antibody
- Known as:
- ATF2 (Phospho_Thr73 55) Antibody
- Catalog number:
- E011032-2
- Product Quantity:
- 100ug
- Category:
- Antibodies
- Supplier:
- EnoGene
- Gene target:
- ATF2 (Phospho_Thr73 55) Antibody
Related genes to: ATF2 (Phospho_Thr73 or 55) Antibody
- Gene:
- ATF2 NIH gene
- Name:
- activating transcription factor 2
- Previous symbol:
- CREB2
- Synonyms:
- TREB7, CRE-BP1, HB16
- Chromosome:
- 2q31.1
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1991-08-01
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
- Gene:
- GDNF NIH gene
- Name:
- glial cell derived neurotrophic factor
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- ATF1, ATF2, HFB1-GDNF
- Chromosome:
- 5p13.2
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1995-05-04
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
Related products to: ATF2 (Phospho_Thr73 or 55) Antibody
Related articles to: ATF2 (Phospho_Thr73 or 55) Antibody
- Glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent survival factor for motoneurons (MNs). We have previously demonstrated that overexpression of GDNF in astrocytes of GFAP-GDNF mice promotes long-term survival of neonatal MNs after facial nerve axotomy. In the present study, we investigated whether astrocyte-derived GDNF could also have a neuroprotective effect on adult MNs following facial nerve avulsion. We also examined avulsion- and GDNF-induced changes in the expression pattern of several members of the AP-1 and ATF/CREB families of transcription factors, which are involved in the fate determination of neurons following injury. We demonstrated that GDNF promotes complete rescue of avulsed MNs for at least 4 months post-injury. Transgene GDNF significantly upregulates c-Jun expression in naive MNs, further upregulates injury-induced c-Jun expression in facial MNs, and results in its activation in most surviving MNs. No significant changes were found in c-Fos expression. We found that GDNF has an opposing effect on ATF2 and ATF3 expression. It dramatically downregulates increased levels of ATF3 in response to injury, whereas the expression of ATF2, which is normally reduced after injury, is completely preserved in GFAP-GDNF mice. Our data suggest that maintenance of high levels of ATF2 in injured MNs could be crucial in modulating c-Jun function, and c-Jun/ATF2 signaling could be involved in GDNF-mediated survival of mature MNs. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2006/02/23
Parsadanian AlexanderPan YanchunLi WenMyckatyn Terence MBrakefield Danielle - The recent discovery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) identified a novel trophin that selectively increases survival of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, which degenerate in Parkinson's disease. Our previous studies indicated that GDNF RNA can be amplified from cultured rat nigral type 1 astrocytes and from rat striatum in vivo, implying local as well as target trophic support. The current study establishes the regional pattern of GDNF RNA expression in adult human brain. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed the highest expression of GDNF mRNA in the human caudate, with low levels in the putamen and no detectable message in the nigra, suggesting that GDNF is a target-derived factor in humans. We also report the isolation of two additional GDNF-related cDNAs, termed astrocyte-derived trophic factors (ATF), which apparently result from differential RNA processing. Sequence analysis of rat ATF-1 revealed a 78-bp deletion corresponding to a loss of 26 amino acids within the prepro region of the predicted GDNF protein. The RNA processing events responsible for ATF-1 formation in rat brain are conserved in humans; we report the isolation of a full-length human ATF-1 homologue. We identified a second alternative transcript, human ATF-2; the transcript encodes a protein which differs in its first 18 amino acids from the predicted mature GDNF and ATF-1 proteins and shares the terminal 115 residues with the other two forms. To begin assessing the biologic significance of multiple transcript expression we characterized the actions of COS-expressed GDNF and ATF-1 cDNAs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) - Source: PubMed
Schaar D GSieber B ASherwood A CDean DMendoza GRamakrishnan LDreyfus C FBlack I B