CSH1 Antibody
- Known as:
- CSH1 Antibody
- Catalog number:
- XW-7685
- Product Quantity:
- 0.05 mg
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- Prosci
- Gene target:
- CSH1 Antibody
Related genes to: CSH1 Antibody
- Gene:
- CSH1 NIH gene
- Name:
- chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- hCS-A, CSA, PL, CSMT, FLJ75407
- Chromosome:
- 17q23.3
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1986-01-01
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-01-15
Related products to: CSH1 Antibody
Related articles to: CSH1 Antibody
- The placenta is critical for fetal development and mediates effects of pregnancy complications on offspring metabolic health yet remains poorly characterized in genomic studies. Existing transcriptomic analyses rely on adult tissue reference annotations, overlooking developmentally important splicing diversity. Using largest-in-class long-read RNA-seq (n = 72), we create a comprehensive placental transcriptome reference identifying 37,661 high-confidence isoforms (14,985 previously unannotated) across 12,302 genes (2,759 previously unannotated). Contrary to characterizations of the placenta as a transcriptomic void, we find transcriptional breadth and complexity comparable to adult tissues, with high splicing diversity of obesity- and growth-related gene transcripts, including 108 distinct CSH1 (placental lactogen) isoforms. Applying this reference to short-read RNA-seq from diverse populations (n = 352) reduced inferential uncertainty in isoform quantification by approximately 30%. We find placental transcription mediated 36% of gestational diabetes mellitus effects on birth weight, with ancestry-specific effects including previously unannotated CSH1 isoforms mediating larger effects in European (24.4%) than Asian (13.4%) populations. These findings illustrate the importance of tissue-matched, long-read annotations for isoform-resolved transcriptomics. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/02
Bresnahan Sean TYong Hannah E JNemani AryunWu William HLopez SierraChan Jerry Kok YenWhite FrédériqueJacques Pierre-ÉtienneHivert Marie-FranceChan Shiao-YngLove Michael IHuang Jonathan YBhattacharya Arjun - Vaspin, a visceral-adipose-tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor, is involved in the development of obesity, insulin resistance, energy metabolism, and reproduction. Its expression and regulation were studied in the human and rat placenta; however, the role of this adipokine in placental endocrine function has never been studied. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of vaspin on the endocrine function of the human placental syncytiotrophoblasts BeWo cell line and villous explants collected during the third trimester of pregnancy. BeWo cells (n=4) or villous explants (n=3) were cultured with vaspin at doses of 0.1, 1, and 10 ng/ml for 24, 48, and 72 h. The levels of progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and human placental lactogen (hPL) were determined in the culture medium enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the mRNA and protein expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (), aromatase (), , and were determined via real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. We analyzed the role of pharmacological inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and protein kinase A (PKA) in the vaspin action on hormone secretion. We observed that vaspin has a modulatory effect on the secretion and expression of placental hormones in BeWo cells and placentas from physiological pregnancies. However, in most cases, the effect was inhibitory on the parameters examined. Moreover, we noted that PKA participates in reducing E secretion, while ERK1/2 is involved in hCG level. These findings indicate that vaspin is a new regulator of human placental endocrine function. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/09/16
Gieras WDawid MMilewicz TRak A - The placenta plays a critical role in fetal development and mediates maternal metabolic effects on offspring health outcomes. Despite its importance, the placenta remains understudied in large-scale genomic initiatives, with most analyses focusing on gene-level expression based on annotations from adult tissue references that obscure isoform diversity particularly vital to understanding function in developmental tissues. Here, we employed largest-in-class long-read RNA sequencing (N = 72) to generate a comprehensive placental transcript reference, yielding 37,661 high-confidence isoforms across 12,302 genes. Our assembly revealed 14,985 novel isoforms of known genes and 2,759 transcripts representing previously unannotated genes, with extensive diversity in genes involved in obesity, placental lactogen production, and growth control. We demonstrate this approach has two immediate practical advantages: First, the improved reference reduced inferential uncertainty in isoform quantification by approximately 37%, reduced the frequency of low-confidence annotations and increased the yield (read depth) of high-confidence annotations. Second, in analyses of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with short-read RNA-seq datasets from two independent, multi-ancestry birth cohorts (N = 344) as an exemplar, we were able to identify novel isoforms of chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1 () mediating the effect of maternal hyperglycemia on birth weight that was not apparent in conventional gene-level analyses. These findings demonstrate that isoform-level annotation of placental transcriptomics provides greater sensitivity and specificity than gene-level approaches. This enhanced precision may be essential for understanding placental function in developmental programming of metabolism and reveal ancestry- and context-specific variation in placental function and responses to environmental exposures. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/06/27
Bresnahan Sean TYong HannahWu William HLopez SierraYen Chan Jerry KokWhite FrédériqueJacques Pierre-ÉtienneHivert Marie-FranceChan Shiao-YngLove Michael IHuang Jonathan YBhattacharya Arjun - The syncytiotrophoblast (STB) is a multinucleated cell layer that forms the outer surface of human chorionic villi. Its unusual structure, with billions of nuclei in a single cell, makes it difficult to resolve using conventional single-cell methods. To better understand STB differentiation, we performed single-nucleus and single-cell RNA sequencing on placental tissue and trophoblast organoids (TOs). Single-nucleus RNA-seq was essential for capturing STB populations, revealing three nuclear subtypes: a juvenile subtype co-expressing CTB and STB markers, one enriched in oxygen sensing genes, and another in transport and GTPase signaling. Organoids grown in suspension culture (STBout) showed higher expression of STB markers, hormones, and a greater proportion of the transport-associated nuclear subtype while TOs grown with an inverted polarity (STBin) exhibited a higher proportion of the oxygen sensing nuclear subtype. Gene regulatory analysis identified conserved STB markers, including the chromatin remodeler RYBP. Although RYBP knockout did not impair fusion, it downregulated CSH1 and upregulated oxygen-sensing genes. Comparing STB expression in first trimester, term, and TOs revealed shared features but context-dependent variability. These findings establish TOs as a robust platform to model STB differentiation and nuclear heterogeneity, providing insight into the regulatory networks that shape placental development and function. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/05/27
Keenen Madeline MYang LihengLiang HuanFarmer Veronica JWorota Rizban ESingh RohitGladfelter Amy SCoyne Carolyn B - The human (h) growth hormone (GH)/placental lactogen (PL) gene family has served as an important model to study tissue-specific expression. The two GH genes (/ and /) and three PL or chorionic somatomammotropin hormone (CSH) genes (/, / and /) are clustered together at a single locus. Although they share >90% sequence similarity, is expressed by somatotrophs of the anterior pituitary while the remaining four hGH/PL genes are expressed by the villous syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta. Efficient pituitary expression depends on a locus control region (LCR) that includes nuclease hypersensitive sites I-V (HS I-V). For activation, data indicate that HS III facilitates the initial access of pituitary-specific transcription factor Pit-1 to the locus, where it is required to bind Pit-1 sites at HS I/II and the promoter. This is associated with histone acetylation and tri-methylation modifications that are consistent with active chromatin. However, all five hGH/PL genes share similar nuclease sensitivity in human pituitary chromatin, suggesting similar levels of accessibility and thus potential for transcription. Furthermore, and promoters contain Pit-1 binding sites, and the promoter, like , will support expression in transfected pituitary tumor GC cells in culture. These observations suggest the possibility of a transcriptional repressor mechanism that prevents hPL gene expression in the pituitary. P sequences were identified as a candidate. They are located upstream of all four placental hGH/PL genes but not , repress promoter activity in transfected pituitary GC cells, and bind a forkhead box A1/nuclear factor-1 transcription, which is proposed to act as a repressor complex in human pituitary chromatin. In spite of this, the inability to limit expression when tested in transgenic mice brought the role of P sequences in pituitary repression into question. These observations are re-examined here in light of new evidence that the LCR (HS III) interacts with P sequences in the human pituitary. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/05/06
Cattini Peter AJin Yan