Il21 Antibody
- Known as:
- Il21 Antibody
- Catalog number:
- XW-7393
- Product Quantity:
- 0.05 mg
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- Prosci
- Gene target:
- Il21 Antibody
Related genes to: Il21 Antibody
- Gene:
- IL21 NIH gene
- Name:
- interleukin 21
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- Za11, IL-21
- Chromosome:
- 4q27
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2000-03-29
- Date modifiied:
- 2019-04-23
Related products to: Il21 Antibody
Related articles to: Il21 Antibody
- HIV-1 reservoirs are predominantly located in CD4+ T-cells; however, not all CD4+ T-cells contribute to the reservoir in the same way. Factors such as activation, differentiation, and cell metabolism have been proposed to determine the relative susceptibility of cells to HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 reservoirs are seeded early during the acute phase of infection, but the cell composition of these reservoirs evolves in the transition to chronic infection. This suggests that there are factors during the acute phase that may alter the intrinsic susceptibility of CD4+ T-cells to HIV-1. We investigated here the influence of common cytokines known to be secreted during the acute phase and to play a role in either T cell homeostasis or HIV-1 infection on activation, differentiation, metabolic activity, and HIV-1 susceptibility of CD4+ T-cells. We show that the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, and IL-15 induce cellular activation, differentiation to effector profile, increase in metabolic capacity, and HIV-1 susceptibility. In contrast, IL-21, another cytokine from the gamma-chain (γc) family, showed opposing effects on the same parameters, including decreasing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and HIV-1 infection. We also show that IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-α are able to at least partially revert the cellular and metabolic changes induced by IL-2 or IL-7 and reduce the cells' susceptibility to HIV-1. - Source: PubMed
Elfidha AmalDe la Torre Tarazona ErickPassaes CarolineAlcamí JoséMüller-Trutwin MichaelaSáez-Cirión Asier - In this work, we developed bispecific antibody (bsAb)-derived surrogate agonists which mimic the function of IL-21 by targeting the IL-21 receptor composed of IL-21 R (CD360) and IL-2 Rγ (CD132). For this, antigen-specific VHHs (variable domains of the heavy chain of heavy-chain-only antibodies) were obtained by immunization of camelids and isolated using yeast surface display. Combinatorial reformatting of IL-21 R-specific single‑domain antibodies (sdAbs) and IL-2 Rγ-targeting paratopes into a monovalent bispecific antibody architecture enabled the identification of IL-21 mimetics displaying attenuated capacities in triggering STAT3 phosphorylation compared to the wild-type cytokine as demonstrated in NK-92 cells as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Moreover, by applying different protein engineering strategies, we demonstrate that agonism capacities of the generated IL-21 mimetics, such as pSTAT3 induction or Granzyme B expression of cytotoxic T cells, can be significantly optimized. For this, framework mutations were introduced to engineer VHH:VHH interactions within the bispecific sdAb-Fc fusion geometry for a more rigid receptor targeting. Furthermore, we show that antibody format engineering, in which the VHHs were arranged in an IgG-like scaffold that replaces the conventional IgG VH and VL domains with the corresponding VHHs, combined with rigidifying mutations, enables IL-21 R agonism comparable to the wild-type cytokine. Taken together, these findings show that IL-21 receptor agonism can be substantially optimized by adapting the spatial orientation of paratopes targeting both receptor subunits via forced dimerization, without altering paratope valencies. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/09/02
Lipinski BrittaUnmuth LauraTran Thi Hong HueHarwood JakobArras PaulBecker StefanHarwardt JuliaGuarnera EnricoHelming LauraZaynagetdinov RinatBertoldo DavideRajpal ArvindElter DesislavaPekar LukasEvers AndreasZielonka Stefan - To study the antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses to transfused red blood cells (RBCs) in vivo, we have utilized the adoptive transfer of naïve RBC-specific CD4 T cells at low precursor frequencies. Our approach combines the readily available OT-II T cell receptor transgenic mouse, which recognizes ovalbumin, with the Hen egg lysozyme, Ovalbumin, and the human Duffy (HOD) RBC alloimmunization model transgenically expressing a chimeric antigen comprised of hen egg lysozyme, ovalbumin, and human Duffy protein selectively on RBCs. OT-II mice have been crossed to Pep Boy mice to allow for the use of the CD45.1 congenic marker to readily identify antigen-specific cells in a C57/Black6 (C57/B6) CD45.2 background. As both IL-21 and IL-4 are known to support B cell activation, class switching, and differentiation into antibody-secreting plasmablasts, we have further crossed OT-II/CD45.1 mice with mice expressing knock-ins of two separate fluorescent reporters that read out both IL-21 and IL-4 RNA expression. This approach allows for the use of commonly employed multiparameter flow cytometric analysis to characterize the activation, proliferation, and phenotype of RBC antigen-specific T cells, as well as their subsequent cytokine production in response to transfused allogeneic RBCs. Using these approaches, we present examples of antigen-specific T cell responses induced by HOD transfusion in wild-type (WT) C57/B6 recipients. - Source: PubMed
Medved JelenaArneja AbhinavBoscia AlexisBurnett EmilyIreland SelbyThorkelsdottir GunnhildurChandler ArwenHester BenjaminSchwarzschild CatherineNiebuhr ConradLuckey Chance John - Talaromycosis (TSM) is a severe opportunistic fungal infection that mostly infects patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). After antiretroviral therapy (ART), AIDS patients with TSM may develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), leading to the paradoxical worsening of clinical symptoms. However, the immunological characteristics of TSM-related IRIS (TSM-IRIS) in AIDS patients remain poorly understood. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/09/01
Zhao BeiZhang QinzhiGuo PengleYang YingyinXu FeilongLing XuemeiHe KaiyinChen XiejieTang XiaopingZhang HuihuaLi Linghua - Ulcerative colitis (UC) development and progression are associated with intestinal dysbiosis, altered short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism, and immune dysregulation. Although fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has therapeutic potential, its key effector metabolites and regulatory pathways remain unclear. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/17
Luo QinghuaDing YifanShen PanChen TingXu ZhiqiangZhang Leichang