Taar1 _ Tar1(mouse)
- Known as:
- Taar1 _ Tar1(mouse)
- Catalog number:
- Y213660
- Product Quantity:
- 200ul
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- ABM
- Gene target:
- Taar1 _ Tar1(mouse)
Related genes to: Taar1 _ Tar1(mouse)
- Gene:
- TAAR1 NIH gene
- Name:
- trace amine associated receptor 1
- Previous symbol:
- TRAR1
- Synonyms:
- TAR1, TA1
- Chromosome:
- 6q23.2
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2004-04-02
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
Related products to: Taar1 _ Tar1(mouse)
Related articles to: Taar1 _ Tar1(mouse)
- Targeted drugs are medications designed to treat diseases by targeting specific sites on cancerous or diseased cells. Multi-target drugs can target multiple protein sites to treat diseases, improving therapeutic efficiency, but are more challenging to design. Computer-aided targeted drug design can reduce costs and shorten development time, with most drugs being single-target. Recent research on multi-target drug design has focused on optimizing single-target drugs into multi-target drugs, but this approach has limitations. This study proposes a multi-target drug design method based on protein feature fusion, which encodes and integrates features based on the target's sequence characteristics, enabling the design of multi-target drugs without prior knowledge of the targeted drug. The target protein sequences are embedded to extract features. Each target's features are independently encoded into latent vectors, while the features of multiple targets are encoded into similarity latent vectors. By leveraging both individual target features and the similarity features among targets, multi-target drugs can be efficiently designed. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/29
Liu HaoranLin XiaoliHu JingZhang Xiaolong - The serotonergic system remains a critical focus of neuropsychopharmacology due to its widespread influence on mood, cognition, and behavior. Despite the clinical success of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), their long-term efficacy is limited by receptor heterogeneity, desensitization, and compensatory adaptations. Recent advances suggest that ligands simultaneously modulating two serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes may offer superior therapeutic outcomes. This perspective summarizes progress in developing such dually acting compounds for CNS disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and mood disorders. Clinically relevant examples include flibanserin (5-HT receptor agonist/5-HT receptor antagonist), pimavanserin (5-HT/5-HT receptors inverse agonist), and eltoprazine (5-HT/5-HT receptors partial agonist), alongside experimental 5-HT/5-HT, 5-HT/5-HT or TAAR1/5-HT receptors ligands. Integrating structure-activity insights and clinical findings, we discuss challenges of rational dual modulation. Advances in biased signaling, targeting distinctive conformational states, and optopharmacology utilizing photochromic ligands may further enable the design of innovative dually acting agents with improved efficacy and safety profiles. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/27
Trybała WojciechGrychowska KatarzynaMalikowska-Racia NataliaNikiforuk AgnieszkaPopik PiotrZajdel Paweł - Major depressive disorder (MDD) continues to pose a major therapeutic challenge due to its clinical heterogeneity. This chapter looks at the development of antidepressant treatments, starting with early interventions such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Although these treatments targeted the monoaminergic system, they had significant limitations in terms of safety and efficacy. The introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) improved tolerability but left unmet needs, particularly in terms of treatment resistance and side effects. In response, research has expanded beyond monoamines and focused on new mechanisms. A breakthrough came with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists such as ketamine and esketamine, which achieved fast-acting effects and shifted the focus to glutamatergic modulation. Other developments in this area include modulators such as partial agonists, positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), and negative allosteric modulators (NAMs). In addition, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulation has gained attention, with neurosteroids such as zurolone (approved for postpartum depression [PPD]) representing a new therapeutic approach. Other new strategies target the opioid system, particularly kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonism, whose role in the treatment of anhedonia and depression is being investigated. Psychedelics, including psilocybin, have come back into focus as potential treatments due to their ability to elicit rapid and sustained antidepressant effects via agonism of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A), although their efficacy and safety require further research. In addition, innovative treatments targeting orexin, trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and members of the Q subfamily of voltage-gated potassium channels (KCNQ) are also in development. Despite these advances, some challenges remain. These include diagnostic heterogeneity, incomplete understanding of neurobiological mechanisms, limitations of preclinical models, lack of reliable biomarkers, and economic obstacles. Future advances could be driven by artificial intelligence (AI), which has the potential to revolutionize drug discovery, optimize clinical trials, and personalize treatments for patients. - Source: PubMed
Spiti AlessandroCaldirola DanielaPerna Giampaolo - Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a classical representative of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). It is widely distributed in the mammalian brain, potentially plays an important role in modulating neurotransmitter functions and may regulate synaptic transmission and neuronal activity. Studies on TAAR1 signaling pathways were reviewed to identify the potential of TAAR1 as a novel target for neuroprotection and neurorepair. TAAR1 realizes effects through binding to the G-protein subunits Gas or Ga13. The target of Gas is PKA and the target of Ga13 is RhoA. Among the RhoA-mediated effects of TAAR1, effects on MAPK/ERK pathway kinases, AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors and CREB factor have been investigated. RhoA-mediated effects include effects on the internalization of DAT and EAAT3, neuronal transporters of dopamine and glutamate. A G-protein independent pathway is mediated by β-arrestin and is probably related to the formation of the TAAR1-D2R heterodimer. The modulatory effect of TAAR1 on neurotransmitter systems allows us to consider TAAR1 agonists as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders, as well as neuroprotectors in ischemic brain damage. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/07/28
Voevoda MikhailFilimonov DmitryKnyazev RomanIshchenko RomanEresko AlexanderTrubnikova NadezhdaBelotserkovskaya MargaritaKisilenko IrinaNosova InnaSolopov Maksim - The approval of the first non-dopamine-blocking therapy for schizophrenia marks a defining moment in psychiatry. Muscarinic M/M modulation, alongside emerging TAAR1 and glutamatergic pathways, signals a shift beyond dopamine dominance toward circuit-level integration. These advances embody : the scientific courage to prioritize clinical signal over mechanistic certainty. It is the scientific curiosity to revisit older hypotheses, question single-pathway models, and integrate multiple mechanisms. Building on the recognition of dopamine blockade's experiential burdens, this new era guides psychiatry toward a pluralistic framework. The challenge for 2026 is not to replace dopamine, but to it, moving from receptor blockade dominance to circuit modulation informed pluralistic treatment. This evolution aims to restore harmony not just among neural circuits, but within the lived experience of patients. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/02
Taj Fawad