Alg2
- Known as:
- Alg2
- Catalog number:
- 038206A
- Product Quantity:
- 250ul
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- ABM
- Gene target:
- Alg2
Related genes to: Alg2
- Gene:
- ALG2 NIH gene
- Name:
- ALG2 alpha-1,3/1,6-mannosyltransferase
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- CDGIi, FLJ14511, hALPG2, NET38, CDG1I
- Chromosome:
- 9q22.33
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2003-10-15
- Date modifiied:
- 2019-01-18
Related products to: Alg2
Related articles to: Alg2
- The prion-like spread of tau from cell to cell in the central nervous system involves escape from the endolysosomal network, which is counteracted by the lysosomal repair activity of the ESCRT system. Here, we investigate whether other components of the lysosomal damage sensing and repair system, namely the ESCRT-recruiting Ca sensor ALG-2, conjugation of ATG8s to single membranes (CASM), the phosphoinositide-initiated tethering and lipid transport (PITT) pathway, and the Parkinson's disease-related lipid transporter VPS13C are involved in tau spread. We found that the PITT pathway and VPS13C are strongly implicated in tau seeding by pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) in both neurons and astrocytes, CASM has a major role in astrocytes but not neurons, and ALG-2 has a lesser role in both. We then investigated the mechanism of damage and seeding by tau PFFs using cryo-electron tomography. Unlike the classical lysosome damage agent LLOMe, tau PFFs were not seen to directly interact with the lysosomal membrane, nor do they distort local membrane curvature. Lysosomes in PFF-treated cells were structurally intact. Extensive protein aggregates of similar character were seen in both the lysosomal lumen and in the cytosol proximal to lysosomes. The observations are consistent with the PFF-induced co-aggregation of tau with other cellular materials within lysosomes, with leakage to the cytosol attributed to reversible holes in the lysosome membrane. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/10
Herrmann EricTan ShuixiaRose Kevin MHooy Richard MHurley James H - Tumor cells are constantly confronted with nutrient deprivation; however, the effect of serum starvation on the remodeling of endosomal compartments and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in tumor cells remains unclear. Here, we found that serum starvation pronouncedly promotes multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis, EV formation, and cargo selection. Specifically, by generating a constitutively active Rab5Q79L mutant to induce the enlargement of MVB, we revealed for the first time to our knowledge that ANXA3 is sorted into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of MVB. Mechanistically, we confirmed that serum starvation regulates the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-associated (ESCRT-associated) protein ALG-2 interacting protein X (ALIX), which recruits ESCRT-III to MVB and binds to annexin A3 (ANXA3) to mediate its sorting into ILVs of MVB. Our study highlights that serum starvation promotes an ALIX-dependent ESCRT-III recruitment pathway, which loads protumor ANXA3 cargo to exert a profound effect on tumor progression. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/08
Peng XueqiangLiu JiaxingZeng GuolongXiao YafeiHao ZhixiongHe GuangpengJin HongyuanGao YuTang ShileiWei ShiboLi YanYu YifanYang LiangLi Hangyu - (Turcz.) Baill. (Schisandraceae) is a medicinal plant widely distributed in East Asia and has long been used in traditional herbal medicine. Phytochemical studies have identified lignans as the major bioactive constituents of , among which Schisandrin B (Sch B) is one of the most abundant and pharmacologically active compounds. Previous studies have demonstrated that Sch B exhibits a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and cytoprotective effects. As a natural lignan compound derived from , Sch B has attracted increasing attention for its potential protective effects against environmental and inflammatory insults. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Sch B against PM-induced inflammatory injury in THP-1 cells and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. An in vitro PM-induced THP-1 cell injury model was established by stimulating THP-1 cells with PM. Subsequently, Sch B was applied to the model, and inflammation-related indicators and pathways were detected using methods such as ELISA, PCR, and Western Blot (WB). The results showed that Sch B significantly inhibited interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion and attenuated PM-induced pyroptosis in THP-1 cells. Mechanistically, Sch B alleviated cell membrane damage and inflammatory factor release by suppressing Caspase-1 activation and inhibiting the cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD) into its active N-terminal fragment (N-GSDMD). Furthermore, Sch B treatment was associated with the up-regulation of ALG-2, ALIX, and TSG101, suggesting the potential involvement of ESCRT-III-associated membrane repair mechanisms. In conclusion, Sch B, a natural lignan compound derived from , exhibits protective effects against PM-induced THP-1 cell pyroptosis by reducing cell membrane damage and inflammatory cytokine release. These effects are associated with the inhibition of Caspase-1 activity and GSDMD cleavage, as well as the activation of ESCRT-III-associated membrane repair responses. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of Sch B as a natural cytoprotective compound against particulate matter-induced inflammatory injury. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/09
Deng LeLiao Lian-YingLing XiaoLi LiHe You-JieGuo Miao-Miao - N-glycosylation in eukaryotes begins with the assembly of a lipid-linked oligosaccharide on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. As a pivotal post-translational protein modification, it is conserved across all three domains of life. However, the evolutionary origins of the Nglycosylation pathway remain a subject of ongoing debate in evolutionary biology, largely due to the limited availability of robust data regarding the evolutionary trajectories of the glycosyltransferases involved in this process. Here, we present phylogenetic analyses of the eukaryotic ALG1 and ALG2 mannosyltransferases (MTases), which are crucial for constructing the core trimannosyl Man3GlcNAc2 structure conserved in eukaryotic N-glycans. Our comprehensive phylogenetic study, combined with functional and structural analyses, suggests that the ALG2 MTase likely originated from a bacterial ancestor. This inference is further supported by the identification of sequential and functional ALG1 homologs exclusively within bacterial lineages, rather than in Asgard archaea or other archaeal groups. Our findings challenge the prevailing hypothesis that the eukaryotic N-glycosylation pathway primarily evolved from archaeal ancestors, instead suggesting a chimeric origin involving contributions from both bacterial and archaeal lineages. - Source: PubMed
Xu SiChen ShuaiGu Yu-HeHuang Yi-FanNakanishi HidekiGao Xiao-Dong - The fungal plasma membrane is the target of fungicidal compounds, such as polyenes and saponins, that directly interact with fungus-specific ergosterol to cause deleterious membrane disruption. To counter membrane attack, diverse eukaryotic cells employ Ca2+-binding penta-EF (PEF)-hand proteins, including the human ortholog, ALG-2, to maintain membrane integrity. Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen in humans, where increasing resistance to current antifungal drugs that target the plasma membrane is of serious concern. Combinatorial treatments that additionally compromise the plasma membrane offer a way forward, but our mechanistic understanding of how fungi respond to direct membrane disruption remains limited. Here, we investigated the PEF-hand ortholog, Pef1, in this polymorphic species. GFP-tagged Pef1 localized at sites of polarized growth in yeast and hyphal cells of C. albicans. On treatment of hyphae with the polyene drug, amphotericin B, or the saponin tomatine, GFP-Pef1 became distributed as punctate spots at the membrane. In a similar manner, loss of calcineurin A (Cna1), but not of its transcription factor, Crz1, caused this punctate localization pattern of GFP-Pef1. While deletion of PEF1 slightly impaired yeast cell growth rate, filamentation was not affected. Strikingly, pef1Δ hyphae could not maintain plasma membrane integrity in serum, as also seen in the cna1Δ mutant, and exhibited attenuated virulence in an insect larvae infection model. Together, these observations suggest that Pef1 localizes to sites of membrane perturbation to maintain cell integrity, including sites of dynamic polarized growth, septum formation, and fungicide-induced membrane disruption. - Source: PubMed
Weichert MartinSchumann Marcel RenéBrandt UlrikeBedford CameronBrand Alexandra CFleißner André