B4GALNT2
- Known as:
- B4GALNT2
- Catalog number:
- 002365A
- Product Quantity:
- 250ul
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- ABM
- Gene target:
- B4GALNT2
Related genes to: B4GALNT2
- Gene:
- B4GALNT2 NIH gene
- Name:
- beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 2
- Previous symbol:
- GALGT2
- Synonyms:
- Sda, Cad
- Chromosome:
- 17q21.32
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2004-02-20
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
Related products to: B4GALNT2
Related articles to: B4GALNT2
- Xenotransplantation offers a potential solution to the critical global organ shortage by allowing the transplantation of organs from non-primate animals to humans. To address the critical barriers of biological safety, zoonotic infections, and immunological rejection, this review evaluates current innovations in genetically engineered donor species strategies and assesses existing ophthalmological standards, employing specific expression of human regulatory proteins (hCD46/hCD55) and genetically modified triple knockout (//), biophysical thresholds, porcine cytomegalovirus screening, bacterial/mycotic cultures, and DNA sequencing for unidentified organisms. Employing a snowball strategy across PubMed Central, ResearchGate, and Wiley Online Library, 47 articles were selected and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. The feasibility of xenotransplantation relies heavily on advancements in donor technology and genotype transparency, animal husbandry and biosafety, infectious testing and surveillance, recipient monitoring and lifetime surveillance, biosafety incident and response plan, data governance, sharing and oversight, and animal welfare and social license, necessitating pathogen observation, biosecure storage, bioexclusion monitoring, and good manufacturing practice-style manual, quantitative polymerase chain reaction for porcine cytomegalovirus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, hepatitis E virus, alongside porcine endogenous retrovirus-A/B/C; metagenomic sequencing initially, followed by 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, and subsequently once every year, systematic and preliminary persistent sampling evaluations, independent data safety monitoring board, collaborative guidelines, encrypted databases, and data retention. The integration of endothelium-protective human genes, including or , into genetically altered donor corneas in non-human primate xenografts, is expected to minimize initial post-transplant endothelial cell density loss by ≥ 20% compared to existing models. While clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-based modifications offer transformative potential for xenotransplantation, their reliability currently depends on establishing stringent biosafety standards. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/09/15
Saha SankhajyotiDutta MoubaniBosu Agnihiya - Bone defect repair confronts a dual challenge of complex immune rejection microenvironments and osteogenic impairment, severely restricting the clinical application of xenogeneic bone graft materials. The dynamic interplay between xenogeneic antigens (α-Gal, Neu5Gc, and SDa) and the host immune system establishes an "antigen-immunity-inflammation" alliance that activates complement cascades, recruits immune cell infiltration, and drives pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization, thereby inducing chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Crucially, this pro-inflammatory microenvironment constitutes the critical determinant of osteogenic failure. Consequently, reshaping the bone repair immunomicroenvironment may fundamentally overturn this paradigm. In this study, we constructed a triple gene-edited and Urist-processed xenogeneic decalcified bone matrix system (3KODBM). Through a synergistic strategy combining genetic editing to knock out major xenogeneic antigen genes (GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GALNT2) with the Urist method to eliminate residual antigenic epitopes, we effectively attenuated immune rejection. Furthermore, we integrated genetic editing with physicochemical modification to synergistically remodel the immunomicroenvironment, promote M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization, and release osteogenic factors such as TGF-β, thereby facilitating bone repair. Our findings demonstrate that 3KODBM significantly downregulates the IL-17A/RORγt inflammatory pathway, reduces fibrosis, and markedly promotes osteogenic markers including Runx2 and Osterix. Mechanistically, by establishing an immune rejection "brake" through antigen gene knockout and an osteogenic "booster" via TGF-β/calcium signaling activation, we modulate the microenvironment to achieve substantial bone defect restoration. This study illuminates the therapeutic prospects of synergistically attenuating xenotransplantation immune rejection, offering an innovative gene-editing bone repair strategy to overcome immune rejection challenges in xenogeneic bone grafts. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/09/02
Han YuanhangHu YifanLu YushenWang RuiminWang YuyangChen ZhenyiYang ZhiqiangLiang XiaoxiaoYan JieXie Yuanlong - To address critical challenges in clinical blood shortages and limited preservation periods, particularly affecting emergency transfusions, transgenic pig red blood cells (RBCs) emerge as a promising solution. We performed multi-gene editing on pig RBCs by knocking out three Xeno antigen genes () and introducing high expression of human and , generating 5-gene edited (5GE) RBCs. After co-incubating with human blood, we assessed their survival rate, along with physicochemical indicators related to hemolytic reactions and inflammatory responses. We further compared the physicochemical properties between transgenic pig blood and human blood. 5GE RBCs showed no significant agglutination, only mild hemolysis, and markedly reduced cytotoxicity. Binding by human antibodies and complement was significantly diminished. This study demonstrates the strong potential of genetically engineered porcine RBCs for emergency human transfusion, offering a viable alternative to alleviate blood shortages, especially when human RBCs are unavailable. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/07/14
Lu PanWang YongDu JiaxiangYan JieDeng ShaopingHe DongshengRen ZhipengDai ZiqiangLi DianyuanPan Dengke - The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been widely used for gene editing in various species; however, mosaicism remains a significant challenge. This study aimed to improve gene editing efficiency and reduce mosaicism in porcine embryos by exploring double electroporation pre- and post-in vitro fertilization combined with zona pellucida (ZP) removal. We evaluated the effects of these treatments on the development and mutation rates of oocytes/zygotes edited with guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting , , or genes. Double electroporation significantly increased the total and biallelic mutation rates in ZP-intact zygotes but not in ZP-free zygotes edited using -targeted gRNAs. All blastocysts from ZP-free zygotes exhibited biallelic mutations following double electroporation. For the gene, all blastocysts exhibited mutations (biallelic mutations ≥ 80%); however, double electroporation and ZP removal did not affect their mutation rates or efficiency. For the gene, double electroporation significantly increased total mutation rates in ZP-intact zygotes, whereas all blastocysts from ZP-free zygotes showed biallelic mutation. These findings suggest that double electroporation, particularly with ZP removal, may enhance gene-editing efficiency, reduce mosaicism and improve the success of genetic modifications. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/20
Torigoe NanakaOtoi TakeshigeWittayarat ManitaWidodo Oky SetyoTharasanit TheerawatChatdarong KaywaleeNagahara MegumiHirata MakiTanihara FuminoriNamula Zhao - Swine Leukocyte Antigen-DR knockout (SLA-DR KO) pigs were created and evaluated for safety/infectious profile and the ability to function in a preclinical model of xenotransplantation. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/05
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