AVIL
- Known as:
- AVIL
- Catalog number:
- 002318A
- Product Quantity:
- 250ul
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- ABM
- Gene target:
- AVIL
Related genes to: AVIL
- Gene:
- AVIL NIH gene
- Name:
- advillin
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- p92, FLJ12386, ADVIL, DOC6
- Chromosome:
- 12q14.1
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2002-09-02
- Date modifiied:
- 2015-09-11
Related products to: AVIL
Related articles to: AVIL
- Type I interferons (IFNs) are a critical first line of antiviral defense during herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. In mice, the type I IFN family includes at least 14 IFNα subtypes and a single IFNβ, each of which signals through the common receptor, IFNαβR. We previously reported that deletion of a single IFNα subtype (IFNα2A) alters HSV-1 latency levels following ocular infection without affecting viral reactivation. While the role of type 1 IFN in HSV-1 infection has been studied extensively, how IFN type 1 responses crosstalk with latency-associated transcript (LAT) in sensory neurons remains to be elucidated. To investigate the functional relationship between LAT and type I IFN signaling, specifically within neurons, we crossed Advillin-Cre mice with IFNAR1 mice to generate sensory neuron-specific IFNAR1 knockout mice (Avil-IFNAR1). Following HSV-1 infection, the survival rate of Avil-IFNAR1 mice was significantly lower than that of infected wild-type mice. However, unlike global IFNAR1 deficiency, there were no significant survival differences between LAT(+) and LAT(-) viral infection in Avil-IFNAR1 mice. During acute infection, loss of type I IFN signaling in sensory neurons enhanced viral replication in the eye and trigeminal ganglia, but not in the tears of infected mice. During latency, sensory neuron-specific IFNAR1 deficiency increased gB DNA copy numbers in LAT(-)-infected mice to levels similar to those in LAT(+)-infected mice. LAT transcript levels in these mice were also markedly higher than those in wild-type mice. The absence of neuronal type 1 IFN signaling increased T-cell exhaustion and eye disease in infected mice. However, the absence of IFNAR1 did not affect reactivation in these mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that neuron-intrinsic type I IFN signaling plays a critical role in controlling ocular viral replication, limiting HSV-1-induced eye diseases, and modulating latency-associated viral and immune parameters.IMPORTANCEHSV-1 LAT plays an important role in latency reactivation, while type I interferon (IFN) regulates immune protection; the interaction of HSV-1 LAT with type I IFN influences virus infectivity . To investigate how LAT and IFNαβ affect the peripheral nervous system, we generated IFNAR1 conditional knockout mice using Advillin-Cre mice, which lack functional type 1 IFN signaling in the peripheral nervous system. The absence of interferon A receptor 1 (IFNAR1) in these infected mice led to enhanced viral replication in the eyes and trigeminal ganglia (TG), with increased ocular disease and T-cell exhaustion. However, viral titers in mouse tears and reactivation kinetics remained unchanged. In peripheral sensory neurons, the absence of IFNAR1 was associated with (i) similar gB DNA levels in TG of latently infected Avil-IFNAR1 mice compared to control infected mice, (ii) LAT expression in Avil-IFNAR1 mice was significantly elevated as compared with control infected mice, (iii) notably, IFNAR1 deficiency led to significantly more LAT-dependent eye disease in Avil-IFNAR1-infected mice, and (iv) T-cell exhaustion was enhanced significantly in Avil-IFNAR1-infected mice. These findings demonstrate that type I IFN signaling in sensory neurons restricts HSV-1 pathogenesis and modulates LAT expression without affecting reactivation. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/27
Wang ShaohuiJaggi UjjaldeepOh Jay JArya DeepakGhiasi Homayon - First-generation H1 antihistamines have central nervous system penetration and anticholinergic activity, with potential side effects including sedation, cognitive impairment, and anterograde amnesia. First-generation antihistamines pose risks in driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) and drug-facilitated crimes (DFC) forensic casework. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for five first-generation H1 antihistamines: chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, hydroxyzine, and promethazine. The calibration range was 1-200 ng/mL with a 1/x linear calibration model for quantitative compounds, and the limit of detection was determined to be 0.5 ng/mL for all compounds. Bias and precision were acceptable, with minor but acceptable suppression observed at low and high concentrations. No exogenous or endogenous interferences were observed. Carryover was not detected after a 400 ng/mL sample. Processed samples were determined to be stable 24 h after initial injection when stored in the refrigerated multi-sampler. Authentic forensic specimens from DUID and DFC investigations showed a wide range of concentrations for diphenhydramine. Selected case reports are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the method. The high percentage of polysubstance cases, range of concentrations, and delayed sample collection in DFC cases underscore the importance of a sensitive and reproducible method for these first-generation antihistamines, especially in human-performance casework. - Source: PubMed
Jean KensonKahl Kristin WReidy Lisa J - - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/07/01
Niranjan VijayGaurav PrashantKushwaha Ankit - Recently, abuse and fatal overdoses of over-the-counter (OTC) medications have become serious social and health issues worldwide. However, many drug components in OTC medications that are abused have different chemical structures from those assessed by commercially available rapid drug test kits. In this research, we focused on using dried blood spot (DBS) samples to develop a simple and accurate method for forensic toxicological analysis of drugs of interest in deaths by poisoning. We combined the DBS method with liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry to quantify eight OTC drug components (apronal, caffeine, chlorpheniramine, dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine, diprophylline, noscapine, and promethazine). The linearities of the calibration curves were good in the concentration range of 0.1-2.0 μg/mL. The method achieved repeatable and accurate quantification of the eight target drugs with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation of below 13.0% and 12.6%, respectively. Comparison with our general practice method showed good positive correlations at the quantifiable concentrations of all drugs. Furthermore, when applied to an actual case, it was possible to diagnose death by drug poisoning, confirming the usefulness of this method. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/08
Nishio TadashiToukairin YokoHoshi TomoakiArai TomomiNogami Makoto - Pheniramine maleate, a first-generation over-the-counter antihistamine, is widely used to treat allergies and as a sedative. However, its irrational use may result in drug-safety problems and threaten human health. Therefore, methods for rapidly detecting pheniramine have been widely studied and are significant from a practical perspective. In this study, we used electrospinning and hydrothermal methods to grow NiCo-based layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets on the surfaces of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and prepare NiCo-LDHs@CNF-based electrochemiluminescence sensors for the highly sensitive detection of pheniramine. The results show that both Ni and Co elements in NiCo-LDHs have multiple valence states. During the electrochemical process, these metal ions can rapidly and reversibly transform into each other among different valence states, forming efficient surface REDOX pairs. However, pure NiCo-LDHs tend to accumulate on the electrode surface. Therefore, in the prepared NiCo-LDHs@CNFs, CNFs act as the central skeleton to firmly support NiCo-LDHs, endowing them with high catalytic activity, high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area and excellent structural stability. The electrochemiluminescent sensor exhibited a detection limit of 8.6 × 10 mol/L in the 1 × 10 to 6 × 10 mol/L range, with a coefficient of determination of 0.9997. The sensor delivered a recovery rate of 97.1-103.4% and a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. Accordingly, the NiCo-LDHs@CNF electrochemiluminescence platform is expected to provide reliable technical support for drug concentration analysis. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/08
Zhang YiJing QiaolingZhu XuwenCheng ZihanTong YuqingCheng Hao