ARAP2
- Known as:
- ARAP2
- Catalog number:
- 001828A
- Product Quantity:
- 250ul
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- ABM
- Gene target:
- ARAP2
Related genes to: ARAP2
- Gene:
- ARAP2 NIH gene
- Name:
- ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2
- Previous symbol:
- CENTD1
- Synonyms:
- PARX
- Chromosome:
- 4p14
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2001-10-29
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
Related products to: ARAP2
Related articles to: ARAP2
- The cuprizone (CPZ) model is widely used for modeling demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) and for testing potential remyelination therapies. To better understand the underlying pathology of the CPZ model and evaluate its translatability, we integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics (ST) to investigate spatial cellular and molecular interactions during de- and remyelination in multiple brain regions. ST revealed global demyelination and neuroinflammation in the brain beyond the corpus callosum (CC), with region-specific differences. We identified oligodendroglia and microglia as two major cell types with significant transcriptomic changes in the model. CPZ-associated subclusters of oligodendroglia (marker genes , , , and ) and microglia (marker genes , , and ) were mapped to the CC by ST. During remyelination, while mature oligodendrocytes (MOL) nearly reversed their phenotype back to the control state, microglia remained associated with the demyelination phenotype. Ligand‒receptor (LR) pairing analyses predicted growth factor and phagocytic pathway enrichment during demyelination, which is consistent with changes in MS lesions, and microglia were predicted to be the major sender cells. LR pairing also predicted a high likelihood of interaction between oligodendroglia and microglia, and a novel interaction between MOL and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC), underscoring their roles during de- and remyelination. Finally, astrocytes in the CPZ model had the greatest preservation of disease-associated modules in MS lesions, while MOL, OPC, and microglia showed moderate to low preservation, which overall suggests that the CPZ model has moderate translatability to chronically active MS lesions. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/06
Tsai Hui-HsinPiya SarbottamWang JingZhu JingHu WenxingGehrke Andrew RCao ShaolongGuise Amanda JChan Su JingSheehan MarkChu JenhwaOuyang ZhengyuRyals MatthewLee MichelleWang WanliZhao EdwardCullen PatrickChalla RaviMarshall EricZeng WanyongKaeser-Woo Yea JinEhrenfels ChrisJandreski LukeMcLaughlin HelenCarlile Thomas MGagnon JakeReynolds Taylor LLi MingyaoLi KejieZhang Baohong - Over 30 Astragalus polysaccharides have been reported, yet most studies focus on individual structures with inconsistent findings, which hinders structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis and the association between efficacy and active substances. Here, Astragalus polysaccharides were characterized at three levels: crude polysaccharides (ARCP), neutral (ARN) and acidic (ARA) fractions, and purified homogeneous polysaccharides (ARNPs and ARAPs). Their M2-to-M1 repolarization effects, mechanisms, and SAR were evaluated. ARN and ARA accounted for 94% of ARCP in an approximately 1:1 ratio, with ARN primarily comprising low-molecular-weight (5.1-110.9 kDa) polysaccharides and ARA enriched in high-molecular-weight components (17.3-470.5 kDa). Four low-branched α-1,4-glucans were obtained from ARN, whereas two pectins from ARA were rich in homogalacturonan and differed in degree of methyl esterification (DM: 72% vs 23%). Both neutral (ARNPs) and acidic (ARAPs) purified polysaccharides significantly promoted M2-to-M1 repolarization. SAR revealed that medium-molecular-weight ARNP-2 (14.7 kDa) showed the strongest activity among ARNPs, while the C-6 carboxyl group was essential for ARAP activity, with low-DM ARAP-2 being more potent. Mechanistically, both activated the TLR4-NF-κB pathway, generating tumor-suppressive M1 macrophages. This study provides a panoramic structural profile of Astragalus polysaccharides, elucidates their activity, mechanisms in M2-to-M1 re-polarization and SAR, and offers a scientific basis for their further development. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/23
Wang MingyueSun WenMa YingyingChen XilianZhang KangyunGao JieBai ChangcaiLv JunqiangDong Caixia - Blood-based biomarkers discovered by machine learning often lack disease specificity and cross-population robustness for clinical applications. We describe a biomarker discovery strategy that exploits monocytes as circulating sentinels to amplify disease-perturbed signals in blood. This strategy leverages monocyteMINER, a mechanistic transcriptional regulatory network inferred from monocyte transcriptomes of 1,202 healthy individuals. As proof-of-concept, we uncovered a 31-gene atherosclerosis-perturbed network that underpins disease etiology, identifying diagnostic signatures for coronary artery disease (ARAP2, P2RY14, FKBP15) and acute myocardial infarction (SERPINA1, ASGR2). For tuberculosis (TB), monocyteMINER uncovered a 5-gene signature (MAS_TB_META5: ANKRD22, AIM2, VAMP5, GBP5, TGM2) from just 438 samples. MAS_TB_META5 outperformed 77 existing signatures across 18 cohorts (>4,400 patients, 12 countries), achieving WHO target product profile for high-sensitivity screening (including in advanced HIV patients), and predicting TB progression up to 5 years before diagnosis. Thus, our findings show that monocyteMINER offers a generalizable platform for discovering clinically actionable biomarkers for diverse diseases. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/07/06
Arrieta-Ortiz Mario LWu Wei-JuBaliga Nitin S - To investigate the differences in meat quality between high (FH) and low (FL) subcutaneous fat thickness in Baicheng oil chickens and their possible regulatory mechanisms, this study jointly analysed the transcriptome and metabolome characteristics of the liver and subcutaneous fat tissue of Baicheng oil chickens. The results showed that there were significant differences in muscle fatty acid content between the FH and FL groups. Through a combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of the liver and subcutaneous fat tissue of Baicheng oil chickens, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites such as ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2 (ARAP2)-N-Acetylhistidine, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1)-ACar 16:1, and PCK1-ACar 20:2 were identified as having significant correlations, synergistically regulating the lipid metabolism process in chickens. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of fat regulation and the formation of excellent meat quality traits in local chickens and provides a basis for the identification of biomarkers of breeding value. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/04/02
Zhao XiaoyuYao YangLi HaiyingLiao HerongDong WeiWu Yingping - OBJECTIVE: To explore transcriptome differences between diploid and aneuploidy embryos, identify non-invasive screening targets for aneuploidy embryos, and establish a theoretical basis for a pathogenic model. METHOD: RNA sequencing compared transcriptomes of diploid and aneuploid blastocysts, with GO and pathway analysis on differentially expressed genes. Fluorescent probes assessed clathrin-dependent and independent endocytosis in both cell types, while fluorescence quantitative PCR validated endocytosis abnormalities in early aneuploidy development. Additionally, free amino acid content was compared to show how aneuploidy genome imbalance affects endocytosis via changes in osmotic pressure. RESULT: RNA sequencing revealed 9731 differentially expressed genes between normal diploids and aneuploidys, with 6134 up-regulated and 3597 down-regulated. KEGG analysis indicated these genes are mainly involved in endocytosis-related pathways. Six genes (PSD3, ARAP2, SMAP2, CBLC, AGAP1, SH3GLB1) showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in expression between diploid and aneuploidy groups. Molecular probe analysis and Fluorescence quantitative PCR resultsrevealed reduced clathrin-dependent endocytosis and increased clathrin-independent endocytosis in aneuploidy embryos compared to normal diploids(P < 0.05). Additionally, aneuploid embryos showed higher relative abundance of 14 free amino acids, particularly methionine. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that early transcriptome differences in aneuploid embryos are centered on endocytosis. Normal diploid embryos primarily use clathrin-dependent pathways, whereas aneuploid embryos favor clathrin-independent pathways. The endocytosis abnormalities in aneuploid cells are due to changes in intracellular osmotic pressure. This study provides a potential target for non-invasive detection of aneuploid embryos and lays a theoretical foundation for the establishment of a pathogenicity prediction model for aneuploid embryos. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/03/23
Duan RubingLiang XiaodongYang YingGuo Jianghua