ALX3
- Known as:
- ALX3
- Catalog number:
- 001503A
- Product Quantity:
- 250ul
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- ABM
- Gene target:
- ALX3
Related genes to: ALX3
- Gene:
- ALX3 NIH gene
- Name:
- ALX homeobox 3
- Previous symbol:
- FND
- Synonyms:
- -
- Chromosome:
- 1p13.3
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1998-04-08
- Date modifiied:
- 2019-04-23
Related products to: ALX3
Related articles to: ALX3
- Aryl boronate esters are ubiquitous in synthesis and are efficiently produced by C-H borylation. However, there are no reported methods to date that convert arenes into vicinal bis-boronate ester derivatives by double C-H borylation. Instead, all current routes require pre-functionalized arene precursors. Vicinal bis-boronate esters are highly desirable, as arenes with this substitution pattern are pervasive in biologically active compounds and organic materials. Herein we show that boron electrophiles derived from tetrahalo-pyrazaboles (XB(μ-pyrazole)BX) and AlX (X = Cl or Br) affect the regioselective vicinal double C-H borylation of arenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This afforded diborylated products that were notable in their own right, representing novel cationic PAHs containing an unusual cyclic CBN unit. A subsequent pinacol installation step then affords the vicinal bis-boronate ester-substituted arene/PAH. A wide range of arenes and PAHs were shown to undergo highly regioselective one-pot conversion to the vicinal bis-boronate ester-substituted products, of which multiple were unprecedented before this work. Overall, this work is the first, to our knowledge, double C-H borylation methodology to form vicinal bis-boronate ester-substituted arenes/PAHs and therefore is a useful addition to the synthetic chemist's toolbox given the considerable utility of organoboranes. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/09/11
Schellbach Anna VCross Mathew JNoone EmilyAnstöter Cate SIngleson Michael J - The entire vertebrate facial skeleton is derived from Hox-negative cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) that populate the embryonic frontonasal prominence and the first pharyngeal arches. Previous studies have shown that the Edn1/Ednra-Dlx5/Dlx6-Hand2 regulatory network specifies the maxillomandibular identity of CNCCs in the first pharyngeal arches in mice and that the combined application of retinoic acid and noggin to the presumptive maxillary domain in avian embryos transformed maxillary tissues to frontonasal structures, but the molecular mechanisms regulating frontonasal CNCC identity remain unresolved. Biallelic loss of function of any of the homeobox genes, including , , and , which exhibit partly overlapping patterns of expression in the frontonasal CNCCs, causes frontonasal dysplasia. In this study, we show that mice with combined inactivation of and throughout CNCCs exhibit disruption of frontonasal CNCC identity with ectopic activation of maxillary CNCC developmental profiles. We show that transgenic expression throughout the CNCCs, starting from when they were migrating toward the facial primordia, caused ectopic activation of frontonasal CNCC marker genes and suppression of the maxillomandibular marker genes in the developing maxillary and mandibular processes and resulted in the formation of duplicated premaxilla at the expense of maxillary structures. These data identify the ALX transcription factors as key regulators specifying frontonasal CNCC identity and fill a long-standing gap in the molecular mechanism patterning the regional identities of the CNCC-derived craniofacial mesenchyme. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/08/31
Adhikari NIyyanar P P RWu ZQin CAhn CHu Y-CLim H WLan YJiang R - Endometriosis (EM) is a condition that impacts roughly 10% of women within the reproductive age demographic on a global scale. Due to the limitations of conventional diagnostic techniques for endometriosis, a concerted effort is necessary to improve the existing diagnostic and develop novel diagnostic tools or biomarkers. With improvements in gene sequencing methods and a steady drop in sequencing prices, more endometriosis-associated genes have been discovered recently. Utilizing a random forest classifier, we conducted a screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) pertaining to EM sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and six key genes were screened out (DDX56, TAL1, ALX3, DDX6, ADRBK2, and ZMYND11). The DDX6 and ADRBK2 protein expression changes in the eutopic endometrium of the different groups were evaluated by immunohistochemical methods to further validate their diagnostic value. To verify this method, we selected 20 clinical samples for testing, and the test results were exactly the same as the clinical report. The contribution of all these genes associated with endometriosis has never been investigated. Additionally, we have developed a novel diagnostic model for endometriosis that uses an artificial neural network and have conducted successful tests on publicly available datasets to evaluate its diagnostic performance. Numerous studies have unveiled important roles for immunity in the pathogenesis of EM; thus, we also assessed the content of immune cells in the eutopic endometrium from different samples. Compared to normal samples, the proportion of CD8 + T cells, T follicular helper cells, and monocytes in the eutopic endometrium of women with EM were significantly higher, while the proportion of gamma-delta T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells resting, and mast cells resting was significantly lower. The immune factor is a major determinant of the course of the disease, may be valuable prognostic markers and are worth further examination. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/03/09
Gong ZhenChu TongShe JingyaoChen SiWang PeijuanHuo JiegeChen Yue - Cell type identity is controlled by gene regulatory networks (GRNs), where transcription factors (TFs) regulate target genes (TGs) via open chromatin regions (OCRs), often specific to one or multiple cell types. Classic GRN discovery using perturbations is laborious and not easily scalable across the tree of life. Single-cell transcriptomics enables cell type-resolved gene expression analysis, but integrating perturbation data remains difficult. Here, we investigate planarian stem cell differentiation by integrating single-cell transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility data. The integrated analysis identifies gene networks matching known TF interactions and highlights TFs that may drive differentiation across multiple cell types. Our data reveals at least two major cell type supergroups linked by their regulatory logic, including alx3-1+ cells, comprising muscle, neurons and secretory cells, and hnf4+ cells, comprising gut phagocytes, goblet cells and parenchymal cells. We validated our data demonstrating high overlap between predicted targets and experimentally validated differentially regulated genes. Overall, our study integrates TFs, TGs and OCRs to reveal the regulatory logic of planarian stem cell differentiation, showcasing a comprehensive catalogue of GRN computational inferences that will be key to study this process. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/11/27
Pérez-Posada AlbertoGarcía-Castro HelenaEmili ElenaGuixeras-Fontana AnnaVanni VirginiaSalamanca-Diaz DavidArias-Baldrich CireniaFrölich Siebrenvan Heeringen Simon JCebrià FrancescKenny NathanSolana Jordi - Cattle domestication and subsequent breed formation have profoundly shaped agricultural economies and ecological adaptation worldwide. Among these, Chinese indigenous breeds exhibit extensive phenotypic diversity driven by complex admixture histories. Hetian cattle, a native population from the arid Xinjiang Province of China, possess superior traits including drought tolerance and disease resistance. Despite their ecological and agricultural importance, the genomic architecture and adaptive mechanisms underpinning these traits remain poorly characterized. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/11/26
Liu XueweiLiu TianyongWang YihuaDong HongLi FuqiangQi XingshanLuo YongmingJiang YiAhmed ZulfiqarLei ChuzhaoGuo Xiang