PROTEIN A Rapid Run Cartridges
- Known as:
- PROTEIN A Rapid Run Cartridges
- Catalog number:
- 6RRFPA-Ctg1-5
- Product Quantity:
- 5 x 1 ml
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- Agarose Bead
- Gene target:
- PROTEIN Rapid Run Cartridges
Related genes to: PROTEIN A Rapid Run Cartridges
- Gene:
- TYRP1 NIH gene
- Name:
- tyrosinase related protein 1
- Previous symbol:
- TYRP, CAS2
- Synonyms:
- GP75, CATB, TRP, b-PROTEIN, OCA3
- Chromosome:
- 9p23
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1991-09-04
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-04-19
Related products to: PROTEIN A Rapid Run Cartridges
Related articles to: PROTEIN A Rapid Run Cartridges
- The molecular diagnosis of albinism is hampered by a significant number of genetic variants of unknown significance (VUS) including a majority of missense and in-frame insertion deletion variants. This contributes to the high rate of unresolved genetic diagnosis for this disease. We designed a straightforward test of missense VUS in albinism genes based on functional rescue. As a proof of concept, the assay was set up for testing variants in the gene associated with oculocutaneous albinism type 1. The gene was knocked-out in the human melanogenic MNT1 cell line and the resulting unpigmented clones used as host cells for rescue experiments. Selected VUS and control sequences were run through the assay. Expression of tyrosinase was quantified by Western blot, melanin synthesis was evaluated by direct observation as well as absorbance monitoring. One VUS, p.Ser270Phe (S270F) can be classified as likely pathogenic as it fails to restore pigmentation, whereas rescue was achieved with D305E and A391T. The two most frequent missense VUS of , S192Y and R402Q, were also tested independently or in combination confirming the pathogenic effect of their association in . All in all, this new assay is a proof of concept and can be considered for testing variants in other albinism genes such as and . - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/19
Mercier ElinaMichaud VincentSequeira AngèleArveiler BenoitJaverzat Sophie - Liancheng white ducks have a distinctive "white feathers, black beak, and green feet" phenotype, making them a useful model for studying pigmentation traits in waterfowl. The previous study found that the F1 generation of Liancheng white ducks crossed with white-feathered ducks and hemp-feathered ducks were all gray-black in color. This indicates the specificity and complexity of melanin deposition in Liancheng white ducks, which makes the selection and breeding of pigment traits through phenotyping difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the candidate transcriptomic regulatory signals of melanogenesis in Liancheng white ducks. Skin, mouth skin, foot skin, liver, and muscle samples were collected from 130-day-old Liancheng white ducks. Morphological differences were observed via histological analysis, and extraction-based pigment levels were determined. The results showed that melanin granules were clearly observed in tissues other than the liver and were distributed mainly in the basal layer of the epidermis and around feather follicles; the pigment values in the tissues decreased in the order mouth skin > liver > foot skin > muscle and skin. However, the relatively high liver value should be interpreted cautiously because obvious melanin granule deposition was not observed histologically. Whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed on mouth skin and skin samples. In total, 3074 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened; upregulated genes associated with melanogenesis included melanocyte inducing transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase (TYR); downregulated genes included agouti signaling protein (ASIP) and adenylate cyclase 2 (ADCY2). Eighteen differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified. Based on target prediction and pathway enrichment analysis, novel_290 and apl-miR-11588-3p were identified as candidate miRNAs potentially associated with melanogenesis-related pathways, and their predicted target genes included phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Janus kinase 1 (JAK1). Additionally, 364 differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DElncRNAs) were identified; TCONS_00063335 and TCONS_00019814 were identified as candidate lncRNAs potentially associated with melanogenesis-related genes, including TYR and TYRP1. A putative ceRNA network was constructed based on the predicted miRNA-mRNA and miRNA-lncRNA relationships, and ENSAPLT00000025522-apl-miR-11588-3p-MAPK8IP3 was identified as a candidate network relationship associated with MAPK-related pigmentation pathways. However, because this relationship was inferred mainly from bioinformatic prediction and expression association analysis, further functional validation is required to confirm whether it contributes to melanogenesis regulation. These findings provide candidate transcriptomic and noncoding RNA information for the further investigation of tissue-specific pigmentation in Liancheng white ducks. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/18
Shi WenliLi LiZhao BangzheCai QiannanLiu XiaopanZhu ZhimingZhang LinliMiao ZhongweiHuang QinlouZheng NenzhuXin Qingwu - Jiangshan black-bone chicken is well known for its nutritional and health-promoting benefits, and the high melanin content in its muscles gives it a distinctive black appearance. Melanin possesses strong free radical scavenging ability, which may influence the antioxidant capacity and flavor characteristics of muscle tissue. Therefore, we conducted RNA sequencing and non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics sequencing on the pectoralis major muscles of Jiangshan black-bone chickens and ordinary chickens (Baier buff chickens), to investigate differences in muscle metabolic regulation between two types of chickens. We detected 88 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 124 differential metabolites (DMs), identified enrichment in the "Oxidative phosphorylation", "Glutathione metabolism", and "Melanogenesis" pathways. As a result, genes , , , , , and metabolites "Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)", "Phosphate (Pi)", "Pyrophosphate (PPi)", "Oxidized glutathione (GSSG)", "Spermine", contributed to differences in antioxidant capacity between the pectoralis major muscles of Jiangshan black-bone chickens and Baier buff chickens. Our results indicated that the Jiangshan black-bone chickens could generate more adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thereby enhancing glutathione metabolism and melanin synthesis, which may facilitate the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in muscle tissue. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/10
Zhu LuoyiLi ShiruZhao AyongWang Zhijun - The Yangtze sturgeon (), a critically endangered living fossil whose wild populations are now extinct, faces new challenges to survival in captive breeding. Among these, the emergence of albino and gray color morphs raise fundamental questions about the molecular basis and physiological consequences of pigmentation loss. Here, we integrated histological, transcriptomic, and quantitative PCR to investigate pigmentation variation and associated immune alterations in this species. Histology revealed a complete absence of melanin in albino individuals and marked reduction in gray morphs. Transcriptomic profiling across the three color morphs uncovered a broad downregulation of core melanogenic genes, including , , , , , , , and , indicating impaired melanosome formation, melanin synthesis, and intracellular transport. Notably, pigmentation loss coincided with systematic changes in the expression of immune-related genes: phagosome pathway genes (e.g., , , ) were downregulated, while pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., , , ) were upregulated, suggesting a transcriptional pattern correlated with reduced expression of pathogen defense-related genes and increased genes associated with inflammation mediators. These findings reveal a mechanistic correlation between melanin deficiency and immune dysfunction in a basal vertebrate lineage, offering the first molecular evidence of an association between albinism and altered immune-related gene expression in sturgeons and highlighting its implications for conservation and captive management. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/15
Wang BinLi YingziSun HanYang FeiJiang KezhenLi YaXiong YixiaoYu ZhaoxiongZhang XuelingLv PeiqiZhang ZhongliangZhang XinLi ZhiqiongZhou BoTang Ni - Microscale physical cues at the cell-extracellular matrix adhesion interface are increasingly being recognized as important regulators of cellular behavior. B16-F10 melanoma-derived cells retain melanogenic activity, including microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression and inducible melanin production, and are widely used for studies of melanogenesis and pigmentation-associated cellular responses. Melanocytic cells are sensitive to the physical characteristics of the surrounding microenvironment, including adhesion-dependent mechanical cues. However, the mechanism by which physical cues derived from the adhesion interface regulate melanoma cell function remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which defined micropatterned substrates modulate melanoma cell morphology, migration, nuclear architecture, and melanogenic activity. Polydimethylsiloxane substrates with pillar- and hole-shaped microstructures (5, 10, and 50 µm diameters and spacings; 10 µm height or depth) were fabricated and coated with fibronectin. B16-F10 melanoma cells cultured on narrow pillar patterns (5 and 10 µm) exhibited restricted cell spreading, shortened protrusions, suppressed migration, and pronounced nuclear deformation compared with flat substrates. These mechanical constraints were accompanied by significant reductions in melanin production and downregulation of melanogenesis-related genes (Mitf, Tyr, and Tyrp1). Comparable trends were observed for Matrigel-coated substrates, indicating that microscale topography exerted consistent effects on B16-F10 melanoma cell responses across the tested extracellular matrix conditions. Collectively, our results demonstrate that surface topography with narrow pillar microstructures is associated with topography-dependent changes in cell behavior and melanogenic activity, providing insights into how microscale topographic confinement influences melanoma cell morphology and melanogenic activity. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/01
Jeong HeonukTsutsumi KojiMatsunobu ShoheiFukushima Shun-IchiHung Hui-HsingMatsuda Tomoki