R-2A Agar USE : For heterotrophic plate count of treated potable water using longer incubation periods.
- Known as:
- R-2A Agar USE : heterotrophic plate count treated potable water using longer incubation periods.
- Catalog number:
- B399
- Product Quantity:
- 5x500gm
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- biomarkt
- Gene target:
- R-2A Agar USE : For heterotrophic plate count treated potable water using longer incubation periods.
Related genes to: R-2A Agar USE : For heterotrophic plate count of treated potable water using longer incubation periods.
- Gene:
- FCGR2A NIH gene
- Name:
- Fc fragment of IgG receptor IIa
- Previous symbol:
- FCG2, FCGR2A1, FCGR2
- Synonyms:
- CD32, CD32A, IGFR2, CDw32
- Chromosome:
- 1q23.3
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1988-11-30
- Date modifiied:
- 2019-04-23
- Gene:
- FPR2 NIH gene
- Name:
- formyl peptide receptor 2
- Previous symbol:
- FPRL1
- Synonyms:
- LXA4R, HM63, FPRH2, FMLPX, FPR2A, FMLP-R-II, ALXR
- Chromosome:
- 19q13.41
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1991-06-05
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-01-15
- Gene:
- GRIN2A NIH gene
- Name:
- glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A
- Previous symbol:
- NMDAR2A
- Synonyms:
- GluN2A
- Chromosome:
- 16p13.2
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1992-09-18
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-02-05
- Gene:
- HNF4A NIH gene
- Name:
- hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha
- Previous symbol:
- TCF14, MODY, MODY1
- Synonyms:
- NR2A1, HNF4
- Chromosome:
- 20q13.12
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1998-04-20
- Date modifiied:
- 2019-04-23
- Gene:
- HNF4G NIH gene
- Name:
- hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- NR2A2
- Chromosome:
- 8q21.13
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1998-04-20
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
- Gene:
- LAMC2 NIH gene
- Name:
- laminin subunit gamma 2
- Previous symbol:
- EBR2, LAMB2T, LAMNB2, EBR2A
- Synonyms:
- nicein-100kDa, kalinin-105kDa, BM600-100kDa
- Chromosome:
- 1q25.3
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1993-07-13
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
- Gene:
- LINC00312 NIH gene
- Name:
- long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 312
- Previous symbol:
- LOH3CR2A, NCRNA00312
- Synonyms:
- NAG7, NAG-7, ERR10, ERR-10, LMCD1DN
- Chromosome:
- 3p25.3
- Locus Type:
- RNA, long non-coding
- Date approved:
- 1999-12-22
- Date modifiied:
- 2017-01-13
- Gene:
- OR2A2 NIH gene
- Name:
- olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily A member 2
- Previous symbol:
- OR2A2P, OR2A17P
- Synonyms:
- OST008
- Chromosome:
- 7q35
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1999-12-09
- Date modifiied:
- 2015-12-09
- Gene:
- OR2A4 NIH gene
- Name:
- olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily A member 4
- Previous symbol:
- OR2A10
- Synonyms:
- -
- Chromosome:
- 6q23.2
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2001-02-28
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
- Gene:
- OR2A5 NIH gene
- Name:
- olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily A member 5
- Previous symbol:
- OR2A8, OR2A26
- Synonyms:
- OR7-138, OR7-141
- Chromosome:
- 7q35
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1999-11-17
- Date modifiied:
- 2015-12-09
Related products to: R-2A Agar USE : For heterotrophic plate count of treated potable water using longer incubation periods.
Related articles to: R-2A Agar USE : For heterotrophic plate count of treated potable water using longer incubation periods.
- The molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy under extended periods of either disuse or microgravity are not yet fully understood. The transition of Homer isoforms may play a key role during neuromuscular junction (NMJ) imbalance/plasticity in space. Here, we investigated the expression pattern of Homer short and long isoforms by gene array, qPCR, biochemistry, and laser confocal microscopy in skeletal muscles from male C57Bl/N6 mice ( = 5) housed for 30 days in space (Bion-flight = BF) compared to muscles from Bion biosatellite on the ground-housed animals (Bion ground = BG) and from standard cage housed animals (Flight control = FC). A comparison study was carried out with muscles of rats subjected to hindlimb unloading (HU). Gene array and qPCR results showed an increase in Homer1a transcripts, the short dominant negative isoform, in () muscle after 30 days in microgravity, whereas it was only transiently increased after four days of HU. Conversely, Homer2 long-form was downregulated in muscle in both models. Homer immunofluorescence intensity analysis at the NMJ of BF and HU animals showed comparable outcomes in but not in the () muscle. Reduced Homer crosslinking at the NMJ consequent to increased Homer1a and/or reduced Homer2 may contribute to muscle-type specific atrophy resulting from microgravity and HU disuse suggesting mutual mechanisms. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2021/12/22
Blottner DieterTrautmann GaborFurlan SandraGambara GuidoBlock KatharinaGutsmann MartinaSun Lian-WenWorley Paul FGorza LuisaScano MartinaLorenzon PaolaVida ImreVolpe PompeoSalanova Michele - Tinnitus is deemed as the result of abnormal neural activities in the brain, and Homer proteins are expressed in the brain that convey nociception. The expression of Homer in tinnitus has not been studied. We hypothesized that expression of Homer in the auditory cortex was altered after tinnitus treatment. Mice were injected with sodium salicylate to induce tinnitus. Expression of Homer was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry assays. We found that Homer1 expression was upregulated in the auditory cortex of mice with tinnitus, while expression of Homer2 or Homer3 exhibited no significant alteration. Effects of two inhibitors of metabolic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), noncompetitive 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) and competitive α-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG), on the tinnitus scores of the mice and on Homer1 expression were detected. MPEP significantly reduced tinnitus scores and suppressed Homer1 expression in a concentration dependent manner. MCPG had no significant effects on tinnitus scores or Homer1 expression. In conclusion, Homer1 expression was upregulated in the auditory cortex of mice after tinnitus, and was suppressed by noncompetitive mGluR5 inhibitor MPEP, but not competitive mGluR5 inhibitor MCPG. - Source: PubMed
Yan WeiweiZhu HongfeiYu BianbianMa XinLiang HangZhao ShuyanDeng Kebin - The use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning during naturalistic interactions in parent-child dyads has substantially advanced our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of human social interaction. However, despite the rise of developmental hyperscanning studies over the last years, analysis procedures have not yet been standardized and are often individually developed by each research team. This article offers a guide on parent-child fNIRS hyperscanning data analysis in MATLAB and R. We provide an example dataset of 20 dyads assessed during a cooperative versus individual problem-solving task, with brain signal acquired using 16 channels located over bilateral frontal and temporo-parietal areas. We use MATLAB toolboxes Homer2 and SPM for fNIRS to preprocess the acquired brain signal data and suggest a standardized procedure. Next, we calculate interpersonal neural synchrony between dyads using Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC) and illustrate how to run a random pair analysis to control for spurious correlations in the signal. We then use RStudio to estimate Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) to account for the bounded distribution of coherence values for interpersonal neural synchrony analyses. With this guide, we hope to offer advice for future parent-child fNIRS hyperscanning investigations and to enhance replicability within the field. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2021/06/13
Nguyen TrinhHoehl StefanieVrtička Pascal - Homer is a postsynaptic scaffold protein, which has long and short isoforms. The long form of Homer consists of an N-terminal target-binding domain and a C-terminal multimerization domain, linking multiple proteins within a complex. The short form of Homer only has the N-terminal domain and likely acts as a dominant negative regulator. Homer2a, one of the long form isoforms of the Homer family, expresses with a transient peak in the early postnatal stage of mouse cerebellar granule cells (CGCs); however, the functions of Homer2a in CGCs are not fully understood yet. In this study, we investigated the physiological roles of Homer2a in CGCs using recombinant adenovirus vectors. Overexpression of the Homer2a N-terminal domain construct, which was made structurally reminiscent with Homer1a, altered NMDAR1 localization, decreased NMDA currents, and promoted the survival of CGCs. These results suggest that the Homer2a N-terminal domain acts as a dominant negative protein to attenuate NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity. Moreover, we identified a novel short form N-terminal domain-containing Homer2, named Homer2e, which was induced by apoptotic stimulation such as ischemic brain injury. Our study suggests that the long and short forms of Homer2 are involved in apoptosis of CGCs. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2021/06/12
Furuichi TeiichiMuto YukoSadakata TetsushiSato YumiHayashi KanehiroShiraishi-Yamaguchi YokoShinoda Yo - Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early detection of HCC can significantly improve patients' outcomes. An increasing number of studies have validated that Homer is dysregulated in cancers and may serve as diagnostic markers. In the present study, we investigated the expression profile and diagnostic significance of Homer2 and Homer3 in hepatitis B virus-induced HCC (HBV-HCC). Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR), western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry analysis. Homer2 and Homer3 were downregulated in HCC. The expression of Homer2 was associated with tumor differentiation grade (= 0.012) and total protein (TP) level (= 0.032). Homer3 was related to tumor size (= 0.010), tumor nodes (= 0.026) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) level (= 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated that the combination of Homer2, Homer3 and AFP possessed a high accuracy (AUC=0.900) to diagnose HCC cases from healthy controls. : Our data indicated that Homer2 and Homer3 were downregulated in HCC and might be potential diagnostic marker for HCC. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2021/04/19
Luo PingLiang ChunziJing WeiZhu ManZhou HuChai HongyanWorley Paul FTu Jiancheng