Human PDGF-AB Protein Vector: HEK293
- Known as:
- Human PDGF-AB Protein Vector: HEK293
- Catalog number:
- 10185-HCyH
- Product Quantity:
- 10μg
- Category:
- -
- Supplier:
- Provo
- Gene target:
- Human PDGF- Protein Vector: HEK293
Related genes to: Human PDGF-AB Protein Vector: HEK293
- Gene:
- PDGFA NIH gene
- Name:
- platelet derived growth factor subunit A
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- PDGF1, PDGF-A
- Chromosome:
- 7p22.3
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1986-01-01
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
- Gene:
- PDGFRA NIH gene
- Name:
- platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha
- Previous symbol:
- -
- Synonyms:
- CD140a, PDGFR2, GAS9
- Chromosome:
- 4q12
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1989-05-19
- Date modifiied:
- 2019-04-23
- Gene:
- PDGFRB NIH gene
- Name:
- platelet derived growth factor receptor beta
- Previous symbol:
- PDGFR
- Synonyms:
- JTK12, CD140b, PDGFR1
- Chromosome:
- 5q32
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 2001-06-22
- Date modifiied:
- 2016-10-05
Related products to: Human PDGF-AB Protein Vector: HEK293
Related articles to: Human PDGF-AB Protein Vector: HEK293
- Liquid biopsy is a promising alternative to traditional tissue biopsies for diagnosing cancer because it offers advantages such as minimal invasiveness, accessibility, and ease of operation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles that contain proteins, DNA, and RNA and are secreted by cells. Indeed, urinary EVs are important sources of cancer biomarkers. The lipid bilayer protects EV proteins from degradation by enzymes present in bodily fluids. Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the most prevalent malignancies in developed countries and is the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men. Current screening methods commonly used to initially evaluate patients with suspected PCa include serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and digital rectal examination (DRE), with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transrectal ultrasound often recommended for further assessment. However, both PSA testing and DRE have limited specificities, which results in a substantial number of unnecessary prostate biopsies. Consequently, additional reliable biomarkers need to be urgently discovered for rapidly diagnosing PCa more accurately. Prostate-derived secretions, including those associated with malignancies, are detectable in urine owing to the anatomical proximity of the prostate to the urethra; hence urine is a promising liquid-biopsy medium for discovering PCa biomarkers, which is a topic that has been the focus of extensive research efforts in recent years. However, isolating EVs from biofluids in sufficient yields for proteomics analysis remains challenging. In this study, functional magnetic beads EVlent (extracellular vesicles isoLated efficiently, naturally, and totally) with high-affinity capabilities were developed for selectively enriching EVs from biological fluids.The surfaces of the beads were modified with three antibodies that target CD9, CD63, and CD81, which enables the specific recognition of EV surface proteins. The isolation performance of EVlent was validated by comprehensively characterizing urinary EVs using Western blotting (WB), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). WB revealed prominent bands for EV markers (CD9, TSG101, and HSP70) in EVlent-enriched samples, whereas weaker bands were observed following ultracentrifugation (UC). NTA revealed that the EVs isolated by EVlent are predominantly in the 50-400 nm size range, with a content of 4.1×10 particles/mL, which is significantly higher than the value of 1.8×10 particles/mL obtained by UC. TEM confirmed that the isolated EVs have characteristic elliptical or cup-shaped vesicular structures. These findings demonstrate that EVlent outperforms UC in terms of enrichment efficiency and purity, delivering a separation efficiency of 87.2% compared to the value of 30.3% obtained by UC. We used proteomics to analyze urinary EVs isolated from 15 healthy volunteers and 15 patients with prostate cancer using EVlent affinity magnetic beads with the aim of identifying potential biomarkers for prostate cancer. On average, 2039 proteins and 14490 peptides were identified in the control group, while 1982 proteins and 13100 peptides were identified in the patient group. Further analysis revealed 91 proteins commonly found in the Vesiclepedia database (Top 100). Compared with the healthy volunteers, 88 proteins were upregulated and 90 proteins were downregulated in patients with prostate cancer. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that these upregulated proteins are enriched in extracellular exosomes, extracellular space, extracellular region, collagen-containing extracellular matrix, proteolysis and protein-binding. Pathway analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) highlighted associations between ribosomes, protein digestion and absorption, complement and coagulation cascades, prostate cancer, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption, endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption, and pancreatic secretion. Notably, four proteins including plasminogen activator urokinase (PLAU), platelet-derived growth factor subunit A (PDGFA), matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), and neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) were identified within the prostate cancer pathway, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. In conclusion, this study introduced EVlent as a robust platform for the efficient isolation and proteomics analysis of EVs, providing valuable insight into urinary EV biomarkers and their clinical prostate-cancer applications. - Source: PubMed
Zhang Gui-YuanZhan ZhenTao Wei-GuoZhang Hao - The etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains unknown. However, emerging evidence is increasingly suggesting that ovarian inflammation and fibrosis are among the primary causes of pathological changes. Sorafenib is a multiple kinases inhibitor that targets receptor tyrosine kinases including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). Sorafenib was found to inhibit the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). However, the effects of sorafenib on PCOS ovarian inflammation and fibrosis remained unknown. Our findings demonstrated that sorafenib effectively inhibited the PDGFA/PDGFRα axis, which subsequently led to the suppression of NF-κB activation. This inhibition further resulted in a decrease in chemokine expression, thereby impeding the recruitment and polarization of macrophages. Consequently, this process resulted in the down-regulation of collagen deposition. These results provide a new perspective and direction for the clinical treatment of PCOS. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/05/02
Liu XitongWang YuhuiWang YangBai YixuanKang AhuiCai QingqingLiu HaiouZhang MengyuXu CongjianZhang Feifei - The cardiac atrial extracellular matrix (ECM) is central to age-associated cardiac remodeling and subsequent decline in cardiac functioning. Despite this, the composition of the atrial ECM and how it changes with age is not yet known. This study utilized mass spectrometry to evaluate the composition of murine atria in young (12 weeks) and old (77 weeks) C57BL/6J mice. The tissue was decellularized, ECM and ECM-associated proteins were extracted with GuHCl, and proteins were deglycosylated to enable identification of glycosylated peptides. Two hundred and thirty-seven ECM and ECM-associated proteins were found to be significantly differentially expressed with age. Some proteins (MMP9, S100A9, VWA3A, CTSD, CCL8) were more than threefold increased with age, proteoglycans were modestly decreased, while the overall collagen content was markedly decreased. STRING network mapping of physical associations predicted that both PLOD3 and PDGFA interact with the collagens that decreased with age. The results suggest that the mechanism behind age-associated atrial stiffness is not due to an increase in collagen content as previously believed, but an increase in cross-linking, potentially facilitated by PLOD3. Additionally, several of the significant proteins have not previously been associated with cardiac aging and thus are potential drug targets for age-associated cardiac fibrosis and other age-associated conditions. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/04/28
Ringström NathalieEdling CharlotteNalesso GiovannaBarallobre-Barreiro JavierJeevaratnam Kamalan - Context While platelet derived growth factors (PDGF) are expressed in the ovary of some species, relatively little is known regarding the potential role that PDGF play in regulating ovarian follicular development. Aims To determine the effects of PDGF on granulosa cell function from ovine antral follicles and characterise the expression of PDGF ligands and receptors in developing follicles. Methods The effects of the PDGF ligand PDGFBB on thymidine incorporation and progesterone production of granulosa cells were determined with established bioassays. Expression patterns of PDGF ligands, PDGFA , B , C , D , and receptors, PDGFRA and B , were determined using in situ hybridisation. The more sensitive technique of RT-PCR was used to confirm expression of PDGFRA and B in granulosa cells of antral follicles. Key results Thymidine incorporation was increased, and progesterone production decreased, from granulosa cells in response to PDGFBB. Oocytes, granulosa cells, thecal layers and corpora lutea expressed at least one PDGF family member. Granulosa cells had faint expression of PDGF receptors, with thecal and luteal tissue also expressing PDGF receptors. Expression of both ligands and receptors was observed in stroma around the follicle. Conclusions In sheep, ovarian follicles express both PDGF ligands and receptors, and PDGFBB regulated both thymidine incorporation and progesterone production. Implications In sheep, PDGF was identified as an additional locally produced growth factor that regulates follicular function, stimulating granulosa cell proliferation and inhibiting progesterone production. Future work to better understand the role of the different ligands and receptors at different stages of ovarian follicular development seems warranted. - Source: PubMed
Smith PeterReader Karen LFrench Michelle CHurst Peter RJuengel Jennifer L - The overexpression of tumor markers within Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), particularly in tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs), plays a pivotal role in metastasis in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC). Nonetheless, the precise role of EV content in CRC diagnosis and prognosis necessitates extensive validation through bioinformatics and clinical investigations. We explored molecular markers shared between TDEs and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of cancer patients to identify candidate genes involved in metastasis. Common markers were analyzed in gene expression profiles of two studies (GSE31023 and GSE72577). The expression of candidate genes was assessed by RT-PCR in CTC, TDEs, and microvesicles (MVs), and was correlated with clinicopathological features. To further confirm, the expression of candidate genes was investigated in exosomes derived from the parental HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line (HT-29-EXOs), and cancer stem cells (CSCs) -enriched spheroids (CSC-EXOs) derived thereof. Gene ontology (GO) analysis suggested platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFA) and proto-oncogene, Serine/Threonine kinase Raf-1 (RAF1) as new CRC candidate markers in CTCs and TDEs. Expression of PDGFA (P=0.0086) and RAF1 (P=0.048) were upregulated in TDEs but significantly decreased (P=0.0001) in MVs. Furthermore, expression in CSC-EXOs (P=0.0004) was increased compared to HT-29-EXOs. PDGFA and RAF1 mRNA are higher in CSC-EXOs than in HT-29-EXOs, which correlates with higher expression in CSC than in the primary tumor. Notably, as no increase was observed in MVs, PDGFA and RAF1 mRNA appear to be actively recruited into TDE. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2025/04/15
Vafaei SomayehYuzhen Gao Marzieh Naseri Zöller MargotZanjani Leili SaeednejadRazieh Karamzadeh Hadi Ahmadi Amoli Marzieh Ebrahimi Madjd Zahra