CTLA4_RABIT CTLA-4 ELISA tesk kit
- Known as:
- CTLA4_RABIT CTLA-4 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test tesk reagent
- Catalog number:
- gen15812
- Product Quantity:
- 1
- Category:
- Peptides
- Supplier:
- Other suppliers
- Gene target:
- CTLA4_RABIT CTLA-4 ELISA tesk kit
Related genes to: CTLA4_RABIT CTLA-4 ELISA tesk kit
- Gene:
- CTLA4 NIH gene
- Name:
- cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4
- Previous symbol:
- CELIAC3, IDDM12
- Synonyms:
- CD152, CD, GSE, CTLA-4
- Chromosome:
- 2q33.2
- Locus Type:
- gene with protein product
- Date approved:
- 1989-05-25
- Date modifiied:
- 2019-04-23
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- ObjectiveDigestive system tumors (DST) remain a major contributor to the global cancer burden. This study aimed to characterize the adverse events (AEs) spectrum, identify potential safety signals, and explore subgroup-specific reporting patterns and time-to-onset features of immune checkpoint and targeted inhibitors in DST using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).MethodsThis was a retrospective observational pharmacovigilance study based on spontaneous reports submitted to FAERS from 2004Q1 to 2024Q4. The study population comprised FAERS reports involving patients with DST who received PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, HER2, EGFR, VEGF, or VEGFR inhibitors. Reports were retrieved through OpenVigil 2.1 and coded using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities preferred terms. After data cleaning, disproportionality analyses were performed using the reporting odds ratio and information component, with signal thresholds defined as ROR025 >1, IC025 >0, and at least three reports. Descriptive analyses, temporal trend analyses, subgroup analyses, and Weibull time-to-onset analyses were also conducted.ResultsA total of 41,168 eligible reports were included. Most reports involved male patients and individuals weighing 50-100 kg. VEGFR inhibitors accounted for the largest number of AE reports, whereas CTLA-4 inhibitors accounted for the fewest. Reporting trends generally increased over time, although fluctuations were observed across drug classes. At the preferred-term level, 131, 372, 38, 114, 274, 382, and 320 valid safety signals were identified for PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, HER2, EGFR, VEGF, and VEGFR inhibitors, respectively. Frequently detected signals included disease progression, off-label use, and death. Stratified analyses suggested age- and sex-related differences in the reporting patterns of selected AEs across drug classes. Time-to-onset analysis showed an early-failure pattern for all investigated inhibitors, with the hazard of AE occurrence decreasing over time.ConclusionsThis FAERS-based retrospective pharmacovigilance study comprehensively characterized the AE reporting profiles of immune checkpoint and targeted inhibitors in DST. Multiple potential safety signals, subgroup-specific reporting patterns, and early-onset AE features were identified. These findings may support clinical risk monitoring, pharmacovigilance surveillance, and individualized safety assessment in patients with DST receiving immune checkpoint or targeted inhibitors. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/08
Sun ZongshengLi YinlingMa HuiGao YuanHu JilinZheng Longbo - Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer treatment, including gynecological cancers, yet durable responses are observed only in subsets of patients. To improve efficacy, ICB is increasingly combined with complementary approaches. Although tissue-based biomarkers provide valuable information, their invasiveness and inability to capture systemic immune changes limit their utility. Peripheral blood offers a noninvasive alternative, but immune cell profiling in advanced cervical cancer (CC) and endometrial (EC) patients receiving ICB-based therapy remain underexplored. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/05/21
Baiden-Amissah Regina Esi MensimahTuyaerts SandraAnnibali DanielaHerreros-Pomares AlejandroDe Wispelaere WoutBenedetto Rossana MariaDe Jaeghere Emiel AVan Nuffel An M TVuylsteke PeterHenry StéphanieBich Trinh XuanVan Dam Peter AAspeslagh SandrineDe Caluwé AlexNaert ElineVandecasteele KatrienDenys Hannelore GAmant Frédéric - Melanoma, a malignant tumor originating from melanocytes, accounts for only 4% of all skin cancers but is responsible for 75% of skin cancer-related deaths. In recent years, its incidence has steadily increased. Targeted therapies and immunotherapies have made significant strides, emerging as the most effective treatments for metastatic melanoma. Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) have become a central component of systemic therapy for advanced melanoma. However, their clinical use is limited by immune-related toxicities, primary and acquired resistance, and marked inter-patient heterogeneity in response. As a result, personalized treatment approaches are urgently needed. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in melanoma immunotherapy, synthesizing findings from existing research and clinical trials. It highlights the progress made in understanding various immune checkpoints in melanoma and the outcomes of clinical trials involving different ICBs. The aim is to inform clinicians and patients about the latest developments in ICBs therapy while underscoring the critical role of personalized medicine in addressing the diverse needs of patients. Ultimately, the research seeks to catalyze further exploration and innovation in melanoma treatment. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/05
Zhang QingyanYuan ChunhuiZhu LinZheng ShaobingXu YantaoChe XuanlinXiao ShiyuLiu JuanLiu HongLi HuiChen Xiang - Immunotherapy with a combination of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies has exhibited promising results for the treatment of many kinds of cancers in clinical practice. In the present study, we developed a novel bispecific daibody for simultaneous targeting of PD-1 and CTLA-4 to induce antitumor immunity. The bispecific single-chain diabody was designed on the basis of the amino acid sequences of variable regions of anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies. After expression in the bacterial system and affinity purification, its binding properties alone or in the presence of PD-1 and CTLA-4 ligands were evaluated by flow cytometry. The expected molecular weight of the full-length His-tagged protein was approximately 55 kDa, which was confirmed by SDS‒PAGE analysis and western blotting analysis. The bispecific diabody could selectively bind to cells expressing PD-1 and CTLA-4 and inhibit PD-1/PD-L1 and CD86/CTLA-4 interactions. This novel protein significantly increased IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion in a dose-dependent manner in T-cell activation experiments. Furthermore, it reversed the suppressive effect of PD-L1 on ConA-stimulated PBMCs. The diabody also led to a significant increase in T-cell proliferation and cytokine release in the MLR assay. This bispecific diabody can be considered a promising checkpoint inhibitor candidate, although more in vitro and in vivo biological function evaluations still need to be performed. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/05
Ghoreishi MohammadEsmaeil NafisehAkbari VajiheAbbaspour Maryam - Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous cancer. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the tumor microenvironment play a pivotal role in promoting immune evasion and disease progression. This review systematically outlines the development, functional characteristics and regulatory networks of Tregs in this environment. Synthesis of recent spatial transcriptomic and single‑cell RNA‑sequencing data revealed that the functional heterogeneity and spatial distribution of Tregs within the tumor stroma, rather than their absolute abundance alone, are critical determinants of immune evasion. For instance, a high stromal density of Tregs is associated with a >2‑fold increased risk of biochemical recurrence, and an activated, highly suppressive Treg subset predominates in high‑Gleason score tumors. The impact of current and emerging therapeutic strategies, including monoclonal antibody‑based and combination immunotherapies, on Treg function, was critically evaluated. The present analysis indicates that while anti‑cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte‑associated protein (CTLA)‑4 monotherapy has failed to show a survival benefit in Phase III trials for metastatic castration‑resistant PCa, fragment crystallizable‑enhanced anti‑CTLA‑4 antibodies achieve up to 50% intratumoral Treg depletion in preclinical models. The rationale for targeting specific Treg subsets was highlighted, such as C‑C motif chemokine receptor 4+ and glycoprotein‑A repetitions predominant+ and integrating Treg‑directed approaches with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or radiotherapy to mitigate treatment‑induced Treg expansion (e.g., ADT can increase intratumoral Tregs by 30‑40%). Existing challenges and prospects for the clinical translation of Treg‑targeting approaches were also discussed, emphasizing the need for patient stratification guided by Treg‑related biomarkers. - Source: PubMed
Publication date: 2026/06/05
Luo Hua